{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:43:36Z","timestamp":1788241416431,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]],"date-time":"2018-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533686400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]],"date-time":"2018-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533686400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report an ongoing measles outbreak in Greece. The first cases were notified through the mandatory notification system on May 2017 in Northern Greece and concerned a cluster of three imported cases in unvaccinated Roma siblings. So far, 3150 cases have been reported in all 13 Regions. Initially, the outbreak mainly affected Greek Roma but as it progressed it spread to non-minority Greek nationals. The outbreak reached its ultimate peak on week 10\/2018 but from week 15\/2018 has been gradually declining. Most cases (60.6%) were Roma (especially children &lt;10 year-old) followed by non-minority Greek nationals (29.3%; mostly young adults). The majority (80.4%) were unvaccinated. Interestingly, 129 (4.1%) cases were healthcare workers (HCWs). Genotype B3 was identified by molecular methods in all 87 cases tested. Overall, 61.3% of the cases were hospitalised. Complications were reported in 17.1% of the cases among which four deaths. The outbreak occurred after 3 years without local endemic measles transmission. Extensive vaccination implemented as the major public health measure managed to prevent the emergence of a large number of cases in refugee\/migrant hosting sites. Mitigation efforts currently focus on raising awareness among HCWs and closing the immunisation gap in populations with suboptimal vaccination coverage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268818002170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]],"date-time":"2018-08-08T00:37:08Z","timestamp":1533688628000},"page":"1692-1698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Ongoing measles outbreak in Greece related to the recent European-wide epidemic"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9559-7476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Georgakopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Horefti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Vernardaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Pogka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Gkolfinopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Triantafyllou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Tsiodras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Theodoridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mentis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Panagiotopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref17","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (2018) Measles and rubella surveillance \u2013 2017, Stockholm. ECDC. Available at https:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/annual-measles-and-rubella-monitoring-report-2017 (Accessed 28 June 2018)."},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref20","article-title":"Current measles outbreak in Greece","volume":"11","author":"Georgakopoulou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref21","unstructured":"Romanian Ministry of Health (2016) Ministerul S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii a luat m\u0103suri suplimentare pentru limitarea epidemiei de rujeol\u0103 (The Ministry of Health has taken additional measures to limit the epidemic of measles \u2013 16 December 2016) (In Romanian). Available at http:\/\/www.ms.ro\/2016\/12\/16\/ministerul-sanatatii-a-luat-masuri-suplimentare-pentru-limitarea-epidemiei-de-rujeola\/ (Accessed 5 March 2018)."},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref1","unstructured":"European Commission (2012) Commission Implementing Decision of 8 August 2012 amending Decision 2002\/253\/EC laying down case definitions for reporting communicable diseases to the Community network under Decision No 2119\/98\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. L262 27 September 2012. Available at http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=OJ%3AL%3A2012%3A262%3ATOC (Accessed 5 March 2018)."},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref26","article-title":"An ongoing measles outbreak linked to a suspected imported case, Ireland, April to June 2016","volume":"21","author":"Barrett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.17.30524"},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1230577"},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.23.30548"},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref7","volume-title":"Measles Nucleotide Surveillance (MeaNS) Database"},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit458"},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref9","unstructured":"Hellenic Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention (HCDCP) Measles outbreak in Europe and in Greece. Available at http:\/\/www.keelpno.gr\/el-gr\/%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B7\/measles_highlight2017.aspx (Accessed 5 March 2018)."},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref16","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (2018) Risk of measles transmission in the EU\/EEA \u2013 23 March 2018, Stockholm. ECDC. Available at https:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/portal\/files\/documents\/Measles-rapid-risk-assessment-European-Union-countries_0.pdf (Accessed 28 June 2018)."},{"key":"#cr-split#-S0950268818002170_ref4.1","unstructured":"6. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (WHO\/Europe) (2017) Fifth meeting of the European Regional Verification Commission for Measles and Rubella Elimination"},{"key":"#cr-split#-S0950268818002170_ref4.2","unstructured":"7. (RVC) 24-26 October 2016, Copenhagen, Denmark. Copenhagen: WHO\/Europe. Available at http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/communicable-diseases\/measles-and-rubella\/publications\/2017\/5th-meeting-of-the-european-regional-verification-commission-for-measles-and-rubella-elimination-2017 (Accessed 5 March 2018)."},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref15","article-title":"Ongoing outbreak with well over 4,000 measles cases in Italy from January to end August 2017 \u2013 what is making elimination so difficult?","volume":"22","author":"Filia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"#cr-split#-S0950268818002170_ref5.1","unstructured":"8. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (WHO\/Europe) (2017) Sixth meeting of the European Regional Verification Commission for Measles and Rubella Elimination"},{"key":"#cr-split#-S0950268818002170_ref5.2","unstructured":"9. (RVC) 15-17 June 2017, Bucharest, Romania. Copenhagen: WHO\/Europe. Available at http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/communicable-diseases\/measles-and-rubella\/publications\/2017\/6th-meeting-of-the-regional-verification-commission-for-measles-and-rubella-elimination-rvc) (Accessed 5 March 2018)."},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref11","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (2018) Monthly measles and rubella monitoring report \u2013 June 2018, Stockholm. ECDC. Available at https:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/portal\/files\/documents\/Monthly-Measles-Rubella-monitoring-report-June-2018.pdf (Accessed 28 June 2018)."},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.09.017"},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref6","volume-title":"Eliminating Measles and Rubella \u2013 Framework for the Verification Process in the WHO European Region 2014","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw480"},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref22","unstructured":"Panagiotopoulos T (2012) Report: Greek national study on vaccination coverage in children, 2012. (In Greek). Available at http:\/\/www.nsph.gr\/files\/011_Ygeias_Paidiou\/Ereunes\/ekthesi_emvolia_2012.pdf (Accessed 5 March 2018)."},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref12","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (2017) Rapid Risk Assessment. Ongoing outbreak of measles in Romania, risk of spread and epidemiological situation in EU\/EEA countries \u2013 3 March 2017, Stockholm. ECDC. Available at https:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/portal\/files\/media\/en\/publications\/Publications\/27-02-2017-RRA-Measles-Romania%2C%20European%20Union%20countries.pdf (Accessed 5 March 2018)."},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.9.30152"},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref3","article-title":"Spotlight on measles 2010: ongoing measles outbreak in Greece, January\u2013July 2010","volume":"15","author":"Pervanidou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.06.007"},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref2","volume-title":"Global Measles and Rubella Strategic Plan 2012\u20132020","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0950268818002170_ref10","unstructured":"Greek Ministry of Health (2017) Measles outbreak \u2013 Vaccination Decision of 21 September 2017. Available at https:\/\/diavgeia.gov.gr\/doc\/%CE%A9893465%CE%A6%CE%A5%CE%9F-8%CE%98%CE%9D?inline=true (Accessed 5 March 2018)."}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268818002170","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]],"date-time":"2019-04-13T16:10:57Z","timestamp":1555171857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268818002170\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0950268818002170"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268818002170","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2018\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}