{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:21:38Z","timestamp":1789600898677,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533859200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The possible association between <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> infection and paediatric haematological malignancies in a group of patients and control subjects was evaluated in the present study. We performed an age-, gender- and residence frequency-matched case\u2013control study of 101 blood cancer patients under 18 years of age, all of which were treated in Amirkola Pediatric Hospital. One hundred and thirty-eight control samples were gathered from the outpatient clinic in the hospital. All cases and controls were tested for the presence of anti-<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> IgG antibodies and then IgG-positive subjects were evaluated for IgM antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassays. Anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG antibodies were found in 37 (36.6%) of the cases and 12 (8.7%) subjects in the control group (odds ratio 6.07, 95% confidence interval 2.963\u201312.437, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). The median and interquartile range (IQR) of IgG titre from case group (7.7 (IQR 0.25\u201313.5)) was higher than the control (0.2 (IQR 0.1\u20130.5)) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). The frequency of anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> antibodies (IgG) in lymphoblastic leukaemia (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia), Hodgkin's lymphoma and T\u2013cell lymphoma were 33 (31.9%), 3 (50%) and 1(100%), respectively. Anti\u2013<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> IgM was not detected in the IgG-positive patients in case group. In the case subjects, no significant difference was seen in the positive rates of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection between genders (37.3% in male; 35.7% in female; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.52) and ages groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.31). This study demonstrated that <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection is prevalent in children with blood cancer. It also showed that toxoplasmosis may possibly be linked with an increased risk of childhood haematologic malignancies. Furthermore, these results may be helpful in research on blood neoplasia aetiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268818002194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T03:45:54Z","timestamp":1533872754000},"page":"1896-1902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association between <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> exposure and paediatrics haematological malignancies: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Narges","family":"Kalantari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javad","family":"Rezanejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Tamadoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2662-5618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salman","family":"Ghaffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaber","family":"Alipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masomeh","family":"Bayani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196903)23:3<614::AID-CNCR2820230314>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45587-0"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991065"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2017.1352563"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2011.0588"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-017-0916-4"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880424"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.05.015"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2007.08.009"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17795\/ijcp-5810"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813001179"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.21188"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(15)30169-6"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0778-5"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-017-0048-7"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref30","first-page":"117","article-title":"Latent toxoplasmosis in patients with different malignancy: a hospital based study","volume":"2","author":"Nimir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.897155"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref18","first-page":"91","article-title":"Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in malignant breast tissues in breast cancer patients","volume":"6","author":"Kalantari","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.01.036"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e3181e003f7"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2014.926348"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref22","first-page":"389","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection in immunocompromised patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002903"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2012.693197"},{"key":"S0950268818002194_ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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