{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T21:57:11Z","timestamp":1747173431251,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537488000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537488000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Typhoid fever is an illness caused by<jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>serotype Typhi. In developing regions, it affects an estimated 20 million people annually, causing 200 000 deaths. Although uncommon, cases occur in the USA each year, predominantly due to international travel. During February 2015, the Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH) detected an outbreak of typhoid fever among residents of northwestern Oklahoma. OSDH conducted case-patient interviews to identify the source and symptomatic contacts. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to characterise the genetic relatedness of isolates among the four outbreak-associated pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. We identified 38 cases, 25 confirmed and 13 probable, in two states. WGS revealed a 0\u201310 single-nucleotide polymorphism variation between isolates. Although we were unable to determine the source, almost all case-patients were members of the Marshallese community that attended a common event in Oklahoma, or were contacts to a confirmed case. This is the largest outbreak of typhoid fever in the USA since 1989, and first to apply WGS to complement interpretation of PFGE results during a typhoid fever outbreak investigation. This investigation illustrates the potential risk of outbreaks among communities comprised of international populations from regions where typhoid fever remains endemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268818002601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T07:36:29Z","timestamp":1537515389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Use of whole genome sequencing to complement characterisation of a typhoid fever outbreak among a Marshallese community: Oklahoma, 2015"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3223-1271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. J.","family":"Burnsed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. D.","family":"Kovar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. M.","family":"Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. K.","family":"Trees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Concepci\u00f3n-Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. K.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref24","unstructured":"Hixson L , Hepler BB and Kim MO (2010) The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population. Available at http:\/\/www.census.gov\/prod\/cen2010\/briefs\/c2010br-12.pdf (Accessed 11 December 2017)."},{"volume-title":"Status of Citizens of the Freely Associated States of the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands Fact Sheet","year":"2015","key":"S0950268818002601_ref23"},{"volume-title":"National Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever Surveillance Annual Summary, 2013","year":"2015","key":"S0950268818002601_ref8"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/CCDM.2745"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.01.010401"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-4801-3.00102-8","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","author":"Harris","year":"2015"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814003021"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref3","first-page":"346","article-title":"The global burden of typhoid fever","volume":"82","author":"Crump","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268802007598"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62708-7"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12827"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375590"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.5.565"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis296"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-008-9155-1"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6523a4"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.5.1228"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2006.3.59"},{"volume-title":"National Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever Surveillance Annual Summary, 2014","year":"2016","key":"S0950268818002601_ref7"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341208"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref18","first-page":"pii=20380","article-title":"Overview of molecular typing methods for outbreak detection and epidemiological surveillance","volume":"18","author":"Sabat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6453a1"},{"key":"S0950268818002601_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00375"},{"volume-title":"Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard","year":"2012","key":"S0950268818002601_ref21"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268818002601","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T12:18:21Z","timestamp":1605010701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268818002601\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0950268818002601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268818002601","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0950-2688"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-4409"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2018\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}],"article-number":"e11"}}