{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:38:35Z","timestamp":1788921515903,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":59,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Manipur, an international border region has the highest incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection in India. Nevertheless, there have been no analytical reviews of research article published within this region. In this review, the authors aim to draw the attention of policy makers, medical practitioners and researchers in adopting new strategies to limit the expansion of HIV\/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) not only in Manipur but also in other international border areas. A systematic search for published literature in last decade was performed based on the keywords \u2018Manipur\u2019 and \u2018HIV\u2019 using the PubMed. Twenty-six articles were selected and reviewed. There were high incidence of drug resistance (53%), emergence of recombinant virus (32%) and increased incidence of co-infection with hepatitis C virus. The prime cause of the HIV is due to the uses of \u2018heroin\u2019 smuggled from the \u2018South Asia Golden Triangle\u2019 and complex patterns of cross-border movement for trade and commerce. The drug abuse, social stigma, geographical location and resource limitation and socio-political problem of the region have contributed strongly on spreading and failure of preventively programme of HIV\/AIDS. This review will provide vital knowledge for the policy makers and clinicians for sentinel surveillance of AIDS pandemic in Manipur and other international border regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268818003564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T05:31:57Z","timestamp":1551418317000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Understanding of HIV\/AIDS in the international border area, Manipur: Northeast India"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"A. L.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. R.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5755-2234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. S.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-7-29"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-9-40"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.005"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.07.018"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref43","first-page":"41","article-title":"Mental health stigma: society, individuals, and the profession","volume":"8","author":"Ahmedani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.182626"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-016-0110-5"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a007161"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-698X-13-9"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120902862584"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-7-9"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162X14666160401131426"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000327438.13291.62"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000343764.62455.9e"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.6"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-11-5"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2014.972322"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-8-9"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref37","first-page":"205","article-title":"The social impact of drug abuse on community life","volume":"10","author":"Sartor","year":"1991","journal-title":"Medicine and Law"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref4","first-page":"37","article-title":"Prevalence of HCV and HBV infection amongst HIV seropositive intravenous drug users and their non-injecting wives in Manipur, India","volume":"111","author":"Saha","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-11-27"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080802486301"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-010-0001-4"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050600859609"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-825"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-017-0171-0"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref5","first-page":"S77","article-title":"Risk factors for HIV transmission in India","volume":"8","author":"Narain","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIDS (London, England)"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v28i2.4882"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-6-4"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066606297964"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref2","first-page":"335","article-title":"Evidence for HTLV-III infection in prostitutes in Tamil Nadu (India)","volume":"85","author":"Simoes","year":"1987","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref3","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Family welfare GoI. Manipur AIDS Control Society (MACS). Available at https:\/\/manipursacs.nic.in\/."},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-S6-S9"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.108274"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.04.016"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-015-0038-1"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000224645"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2009.10.024"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-012-0768-z"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2012.07.012"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24738"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-64"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref35","first-page":"96","article-title":"Dealing with drug-seeking behaviour","volume":"39","author":"James","year":"2016","journal-title":"Australian Prescriber"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121003758580"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200001070-00009"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33636-z"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0908-7"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0051"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref48","first-page":"67","article-title":"HIV-1 drug resistance mutations: an updated framework for the second decade of HAART","volume":"10","author":"Shafer","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Review"},{"key":"S0950268818003564_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200464070-00002"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268818003564","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T17:51:39Z","timestamp":1559929899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268818003564\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0950268818003564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268818003564","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"article-number":"e113"}}