{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T07:28:26Z","timestamp":1780990106204,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551657600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluate the utility of the National Surveys of Attitudes and Sexual Lifestyles (Natsal) undertaken in 2000 and 2010, before and after the introduction of the National Chlamydia Screening Programme, as an evidence source for estimating the change in prevalence of<jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>(CT) in England, Scotland and Wales. Both the 2000 and 2010 surveys tested urine samples for CT by Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs). We examined the sources of uncertainty in estimates of CT prevalence change, including sample size and adjustments for test sensitivity and specificity, survey non-response and informative non-response. In 2000, the unadjusted CT prevalence was 4.22% in women aged 18\u201324 years; in 2010, CT prevalence was 3.92%, a non-significant absolute difference of 0.30 percentage points (95% credible interval \u22122.8 to 2.0). In addition to uncertainty due to small sample size, estimates were sensitive to specificity, survey non-response or informative non-response, such that plausible changes in any one of these would be enough to either reverse or double any likely change in prevalence. Alternative ways of monitoring changes in CT incidence and prevalence over time are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268819000347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T16:05:17Z","timestamp":1551715517000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Has<i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>prevalence in young women in England, Scotland and Wales changed? Evidence from national probability surveys"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6392-6690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. Z.","family":"Kounali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. J","family":"Welton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Soldan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. C.","family":"Woodhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Kevin","family":"Dunbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"Migchelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. H.","family":"Mercer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Horner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. E.","family":"Ades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12062"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1783\/147118909787072252"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30166-X"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.18.080192.001551"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref32","first-page":"30453","article-title":"Filling in the gaps: estimating numbers of chlamydia tests and diagnoses by age group and sex before and during the implementation of the English National Screening Programme, 2000 to 2012","volume":"22","author":"Chandra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052719"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19991130)18:22<2987::AID-SIM205>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)05122-7"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref24","first-page":"1308","article-title":"Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis urethral infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic men by testing first-void urine in a ligase chain reaction assay","volume":"170","author":"Chernesky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref21","unstructured":"Spiegelhalter D WinBUGS User Manual Version 1.4 January 2003. 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The future direction of the National Chlamydia screening programme 2011. Available at https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/the-future-direction-of-the-national-chlamydia-screening-programme."},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref4","volume-title":"Young People's Sexual Health: The National Chlamydia Screening Programme","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn222"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4316"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta20220"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr199"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2005.00377.x"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000655"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref5","unstructured":"Committee of Public Accounts (2010) Young people's sexual health: The National Chlamydia screening programme. 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University College London, London, UK."},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5603"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050696"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02620-05"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6803"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.10.3757-3763.2002"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62035-8"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119013563"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30071-9"},{"key":"S0950268819000347_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90221-X"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268819000347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]],"date-time":"2020-11-29T04:42:18Z","timestamp":1606624938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268819000347\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0950268819000347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268819000347","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"article-number":"e107"}}