{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:49:56Z","timestamp":1792626596317,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554940800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":100,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2014 to 2017 in 13 organised pig farms located in eight states of India (Northern, North-Eastern and Southern regions) to identify the risk factors, pathotype and antimicrobial resistance of<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>associated with pre- and post-weaning piglet diarrhoea. The data collected through questionnaire survey were used to identify the risk factors by univariable analysis, in which weaning status, season, altitude, ventilation in the shed, use of heater\/cooler for temperature control in the sheds, feed type, water source, and use of disinfectant, were the potential risk factors. In logistic regression model, weaning and source of water were the significant risk factors. The piglet diarrhoea prevalence was almost similar across the regions. Of the 909 faecal samples collected (North \u2013 310, North-East \u2013 194 and South \u2013 405) for isolation of<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, pathotyping and antibiotic screening, 531<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>were isolated in MacConkey agar added with cefotaxime, where 345 isolates were extended spectrum<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-lactamase (ESBL) producers and were positive for<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>CTX-M-1 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 147),<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>TEM (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 151),<jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>A (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 98),<jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>B (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 116),<jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>S (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 53),<jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>A (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 46),<jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>B (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 48) and<jats:italic>sul<\/jats:italic>1 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 54) genes. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index revealed that 14 (2.64%) isolates had MAR index of 1. On the virulence screening of<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, 174 isolates harboured alone or combination of<jats:italic>Stx<\/jats:italic>1,<jats:italic>Stx<\/jats:italic>2,<jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic>A,<jats:italic>hly<\/jats:italic>A genes. The isolates from diarrhoeic and post-weaning samples harboured higher number of virulence genes than non-diarrhoeic and pre-weaning. Alleviating the risk factors might reduce the piglet diarrhoea cases. The presence of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing pathogenic<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>in piglets appears a public health concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268819000591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T15:50:22Z","timestamp":1554997822000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Risk factor analysis, antimicrobial resistance and pathotyping of<i>Escherichia coli<\/i>associated with pre- and post-weaning piglet diarrhoea in organised farms, India"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7232-4122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O. R.","family":"VinodhKumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. R.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. K.","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. S.","family":"Pruthvishree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shika","family":"Tamta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z. B.","family":"Dubal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Karthikeyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramkumar N.","family":"Rupner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. S.","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2009.0905"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001974"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-014-0731-1"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(99)00202-3"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gbur E (2012) Analysis of generalized linear mixed models in the agricultural and natural resources sciences. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Crop Science Society of America. ISBN: 978-0-89118-182-8.","DOI":"10.2134\/2012.generalized-linear-mixed-models"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.2.598-602.1998","article-title":"Detection and characterization of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli by using multiplex PCR assays for stx 1, stx 2, eaeA, enterohemorrhagic E. coli hlya, rfb O111, and rfb O157","volume":"36","author":"Paton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.12.5444-5452.2004"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.064428-0"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00575-13"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ajas.2015.233.240"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2018.01.007"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13455"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-009-9345-4"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref2","first-page":"73","article-title":"Presentation of postweaning Escherichia coli diarrhea in southern Ontario, prevalence of hemolytic E. coli serogroups involved, and their antimicrobial resistance patterns","volume":"66","author":"Amezcua","year":"2002","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref1","unstructured":"Basic Animal Husbandry Survey (BAHS) (2015) Available at https:\/\/data.gov.in\/catalog\/basic-animal-husbandry-survey-2015 (Accessed July 2018)."},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-16-093"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-016-0039-9"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref14","article-title":"Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in E. coli and Klebsiella species","author":"Andrews","year":"2003","journal-title":"British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref10","first-page":"59","article-title":"Isolation of Escherichia coli from piglets in South Korea with diarrhoea and characteristics of the virulence genes","volume":"74","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref15","first-page":"M100","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing-Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0739-7240(00)00067-9"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172528"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.031302-0"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-006-4399-z"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805004000"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/AHR2005105"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2009.00198.x"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf164"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref7","first-page":"457","article-title":"Risk factors for postweaning diarrhoea in pigs","volume":"54","author":"Lofstedt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Svensk Veterinartidning"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref5","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Postweaning Escherichia coli Diarrhoea in Pigs","author":"Hampson","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref39","first-page":"195","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli among pigs on 47 farrow-to-finish farms with different in-feed medication policies in Ontario and British Columbia","volume":"72","author":"Akwar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/284168"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15010064"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01103"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.11.6753-6761.2005"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870301500305"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4143-1_7"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.05.019"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref27","first-page":"41","article-title":"Epidemiology of piglet diarrhoea caused by rotavirus and Escherichia coli in Greater Guwahati","volume":"93","author":"Dutta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2012.01284.x"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-50-21"},{"key":"S0950268819000591_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.09.021"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268819000591","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]],"date-time":"2020-12-06T03:06:02Z","timestamp":1607223962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268819000591\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0950268819000591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268819000591","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"article-number":"e174"}}