{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T12:54:50Z","timestamp":1756385690753,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580860800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Encephalitis causes high morbidity and mortality. An incidence of 4.3 cases of encephalitis\/100 000 population has been reported in the UK. We performed a retrospective evaluation of the diagnosis and management of adults admitted to hospital with a clinical diagnosis of encephalitis\/meningoencephalitis. Clinical, laboratory and radiological data were collated from electronic records. Thirty-six patients, median age 55 years and 24 (67%) male were included. The aetiology was confirmed over nine months in 25 (69%) of whom 16 were infections (six viral, seven bacterial, two parasitic and one viral and parasitic co-infection); 7 autoimmune; 1 metabolic and 1 neoplastic. Of 24 patients with fever, 15 (63%) had an infection. The median time to computed topography, magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography (EEG) was 1, 8 and 3 days respectively. Neuroimaging was abnormal in 25 (69%) and 17 (89%) had abnormal EEGs. Only 19 (53%) received aciclovir treatment. Six (17%) made good recoveries, 16 (44%) had moderate disability, 8 (22%) severe disability and 6 (17%) died. Outcomes were worse for those with an infectious cause. In summary, a diagnosis was made in 69.4% of patients admitted with encephalitis\/meningoencephalitis. Autoimmune causes are important to consider at an early stage due to a successful response to treatment. Only 53% of patients received aciclovir on admission. Neuroimaging and EEG studies were delayed. The results of this work resulted in further developing the clinical algorithm for managing these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268820000047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:52:21Z","timestamp":1580863941000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A 9-month retrospective evaluation of the aetiology and management of patients presenting with encephalitis\/meningoencephalitis at a South London hospital"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6772-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tehmina","family":"Bharucha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Nashef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Zuckerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2017.01.005"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.9-3-231"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000137540.29857.bf"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit458"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602010600989620"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000725"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcq121"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70222-X"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Infections of the Central Nervous System","author":"Marra","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis226"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu913"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-145"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.11.014"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30245-7"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30287-1"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-015-0224-2"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/509330"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103496"},{"key":"S0950268820000047_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00025-9"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268820000047","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:52:23Z","timestamp":1580863943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268820000047\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["S0950268820000047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268820000047","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0950-2688"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-4409"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"article-number":"e23"}}