{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T01:07:30Z","timestamp":1775092050090,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":72,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>We conducted a matched case-control (MCC), test-negative case-control (TNCC) and case-cohort study in 2016 in Lusaka, Zambia, following a mass vaccination campaign. Confirmed cholera cases served as cases in all three study designs. In the TNCC, control-subjects were cases with negative cholera culture and polymerase chain reaction results. Matched controls by age and sex were selected among neighbours of the confirmed cases in the MCC study. For the case-cohort study, we recruited a cohort of randomly selected individuals living in areas considered at-risk of cholera. We recruited 211 suspected cases (66 confirmed cholera cases and 145 non-cholera diarrhoea cases), 1055 matched controls and a cohort of 921. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness of one dose of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) was 88.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 42.7\u201397.8) in the MCC study, 80.2% (95% CI: 16.9\u201395.3) in the TNCC design and 89.4% (95% CI: 64.6\u201396.9) in the case-cohort study. Three study designs confirmed the short-term effectiveness of single dose OCV. Major healthcare-seeking behaviour bias did not appear to affect our estimates. Most of the protection among vaccinated individuals could be attributed to the direct effect of the vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s095026882000062x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T07:16:53Z","timestamp":1584083813000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Alternative observational designs to estimate the effectiveness of one dose of oral cholera vaccine in Lusaka, Zambia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6488-6088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Ferreras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicentre"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicentre"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Chewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health"},{"name":"Zambia National Public Health Institute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mwaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Teaching Hospital"},{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Zulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Poncin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Rakesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicentre"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. L.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicentre"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"Quilici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8662-9077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. S.","family":"Azman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cohuet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicentre"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Ciglenecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Malama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Chizema-Kawesha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e78"}}