{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:46:01Z","timestamp":1786999561585,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588118400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":119,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The number of reported cases with Legionnaires' disease (LD) is increasing in Belgium. Previous studies have investigated the associations between LD incidence and meteorological factors, but the Belgian data remained unexplored. We investigated data collected between 2011 and 2019. Daily exposure data on temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and wind speed was obtained from the Royal Meteorological Institute for 29 weather stations. Case data were collected from the national reference centre and through mandatory notification. Daily case and exposure data were aggregated by province. We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study. The \u2018at risk\u2019 period was defined as 10 to 2 days prior to disease onset. The corresponding days in the other study years were selected as referents. We fitted separate conditional Poisson models for each day in the \u2018at risk\u2019 period and a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) which fitted all data in one model. LD incidence showed a yearly peak in August and September. A total of 614 cases were included. Given seasonality, a sequence of precipitation, followed by high relative humidity and low wind speed showed a statistically significant association with the number of cases 6 to 4 days later. We discussed the advantages of DLNM in this context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268820000886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T02:57:54Z","timestamp":1588129074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Short-term associations between Legionnaires' disease incidence and meteorological variables in Belgium, 2011\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5637-4613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Braeye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Echahidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Meghraoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Laisnez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1881-0637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Hens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fix041"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0603-6"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0908.030337"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1508.090317"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2016.03.022"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555817435","volume-title":"Clinical Microbiology Procedures handbook","author":"Garcia","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref26","first-page":"16","article-title":"Establishment and reinforcement of the national reference centers for human microbiology in Belgium","volume":"70","author":"Muyldermans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of Public Health=Archives belges de sant\u00e9 publique"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2363-4"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3940"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-018-1520-8"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03295-16"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref31","unstructured":"31. gnm: Generalized Nonlinear Models version 1.1-0 from CRAN. https:\/\/rdrr.io\/cran\/gnm\/ (Accessed 23 October 2019)."},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061036"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.06.024"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70713-3"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114337"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.10.025"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-016-1115-y"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813003476"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/498248"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881200101X"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60078-2"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880800099X"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref3","first-page":"7","article-title":"Legionnaires\u2019 disease in Europe, 2011 to 2015","volume":"22","author":"Beaut\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance: Bulletin Europeen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles=European Communicable Disease Bulletin"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00003"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341087"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/590558"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3819-2"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880800157X"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806007552"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400029090"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816001874"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2311.170137"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108721"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813003294"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002428"},{"key":"S0950268820000886_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-009-0218-0"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268820000886","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T10:53:37Z","timestamp":1666436017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268820000886\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0950268820000886"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268820000886","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}],"article-number":"e150"}}