{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:51:32Z","timestamp":1777589492546,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":124,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a leading cause of the central nervous system disorders in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the clinical course of cerebral toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The study included 90 HIV-infected patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis, who underwent inpatient treatment. In case of positive enzyme immunoassay, HIV infection was confirmed with the immunoblot test. The HIV-1 ribonucleic acid level was determined using the polymerase chain reaction method. The flow cytometry was used for counting CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4 cells). Pathomorphological examination included the autopsy, gross and microscopic examination of internal organs, histological and other methods. The incidence of cerebral toxoplasmosis significantly increases at the CD4 count below 100 cells\/\u03bcl,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001, and at the HIV viral load above 50 copies\/ml,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05. The clinical picture of cerebral toxoplasmosis included focal symptoms, cognitive impairment, toxic syndrome, mild cerebral symptoms and a meningeal symptom. Given the absence of a specific clinical picture and the absence of abnormal laboratory and instrumental findings, the cerebral toxoplasmosis needs to be diagnosed with a number diagnostic methods combined: clinical examination, laboratory testing, immunological examination, molecular genetic testing and neuroradiological imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268820000928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T09:47:15Z","timestamp":1588585635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients over 2015\u20132018 (a case study of Russia)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6024-0773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O. V.","family":"Azovtseva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. A.","family":"Viktorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. G.","family":"Bakulina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"Shelomov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. N.","family":"Trofimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268820000928_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-3984.2017.0176"},{"key":"S0950268820000928_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-3984.2016.0017"},{"key":"S0950268820000928_ref24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Binge alcohol and HIV: leaky gut and neurodegeneration through the gut\u2013brain axis","volume":"9","author":"Essa","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases"},{"key":"S0950268820000928_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22328\/2077-9828-2019-11-3-37-48"},{"key":"S0950268820000928_ref8","first-page":"336","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans","author":"Dubey","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0950268820000928_ref22","first-page":"352","volume-title":"Radiology and HIV Infection","author":"Trofimova","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0950268820000928_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.04.003"},{"key":"S0950268820000928_ref1","first-page":"252","volume-title":"Comorbid Conditions in HIV. 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}],"article-number":"e142"}}