{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:01:06Z","timestamp":1779296466355,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594252800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":190,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic, and there is limited data on effective therapies. Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccine, a live-attenuated strain derived from an isolate of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic> and originally designed to prevent tuberculosis, has shown some efficacy against infection with unrelated pathogens. In this study, we reviewed 120 consecutive adult patients (\u226518 years old) with COVID-19 at a major federally qualified health centre in Rhode Island, United States from 19 March to 29 April 2020. Median age was 39.5 years (interquartile range, 27.0\u201350.0), 30% were male and 87.5% were Latino\/Hispanics. Eighty-two (68.3%) patients had BCG vaccination. Individuals with BCG vaccination were less likely to require hospital admission during the disease course (3.7% <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 15.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.019). This association remained unchanged after adjusting for demographics and comorbidities (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.017) using multivariate regression analysis. The finding from our study suggests the potential of BCG in preventing more severe COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268820001569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T06:08:58Z","timestamp":1594274938000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin vaccination and clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in Rhode Island, United States: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0794-1263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C-H.","family":"Weng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Saal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. W-W.","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Bica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Q.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268820001569_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.8189"},{"key":"S0950268820001569_ref7","article-title":"Correlation between universal BCG vaccination policy and reduced morbidity and mortality for COVID-19: an epidemiological study","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"key":"S0950268820001569_ref8","article-title":"Mandated Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccination predicts flattened curves for the spread of COVID-19","author":"Berg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medrxiv"},{"key":"S0950268820001569_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744806917724559"},{"key":"S0950268820001569_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1966"},{"key":"S0950268820001569_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6637"},{"key":"S0950268820001569_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14344"},{"key":"S0950268820001569_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.17.2086"},{"key":"S0950268820001569_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.04.020"},{"key":"S0950268820001569_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268820001569","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T04:50:06Z","timestamp":1594788606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268820001569\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["S0950268820001569"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268820001569","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}],"article-number":"e140"}}