{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T20:25:11Z","timestamp":1776371111385,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594857600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":197,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>In November 2017, Public Health England identified an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> O157:H7 in England where whole genome sequencing results indicated cases were likely to be linked to a common source, and began investigations. Hypothesis generation included a review of enhanced surveillance data, a case-case study and trawling interviews. The hypothesis of interest was tested through the administration of focussed questionnaires and review of shopping history using loyalty card data. Twelve outbreak cases were detected, eight were hospitalised and four developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Frozen beef burgers supplied by a national retailer were identified as the vehicle of the outbreak. Testing of two left-over burger samples obtained from the freezers of two separate (unlinked) cases and a retained sample from the production premises were tested and found to be positive for the outbreak strain. A voluntary recall of the burgers was implemented by the retailer. Investigations at the production premises identified no contraventions of food safety legislation. Cooking guidance on the product packaging was deemed to be adequate and interviews with the cases\/carers who prepared the burgers revealed no deficiencies in cooking practices at home. Given the long-shelf life of frozen burgers, the product recall likely prevented more cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268820001582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T03:43:28Z","timestamp":1594871008000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Investigation into a national outbreak of STEC O157:H7 associated with frozen beef burgers, UK, 2017"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5320-2085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Byrne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukeki","family":"Kaindama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Bentley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8600-9169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Aird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5633-8559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karthik","family":"Paranthaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref30","unstructured":"30. Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food AHGoSCoB (2007) Report on the Safe Cooking of Burgers."},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref29","first-page":"777","article-title":"Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with eating a nationally distributed commercial brand of frozen ground beef patties and burgers \u2013 Colorado, 1997","volume":"46","year":"1997","journal-title":"MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808001490"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2013.05.004"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1998.00538.x"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(00)00453-0"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899003581"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817002151"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817002874"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.18.17-00197"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.04188-14"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref2","article-title":"Disease severity of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157 and factors influencing the development of typical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: a retrospective cohort study, 2009\u20132012","volume":"6","author":"Launders","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.4.1800346"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.44.20624"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref1","unstructured":"1. Public Health England (2018) Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 data: 2006 to 2016."},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-15-580"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815001016"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.16.1800191"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816003009"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268801005520"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02591-06"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000029"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref12","unstructured":"12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reports of selected E. coli outbreak investigations."},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.24.1700503"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198303243081203"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2204.151485"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ318"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.041517-0"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815000746"},{"key":"S0950268820001582_ref22","article-title":"Outbreak of verotoxin producing E.coli O157 infections involving over forty schools in south Wales, September 2005","volume":"10","author":"Salmon","year":"2005","journal-title":"EuroSurveillance"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268820001582","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T09:01:21Z","timestamp":1601283681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268820001582\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0950268820001582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268820001582","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e215"}}