{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T21:58:33Z","timestamp":1747173513332,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607472000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":343,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>The epidemiological target of lockdowns is to drive down the effective reproduction number (<jats:italic>R<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>) to less than 1. A key unknown is the duration that lockdowns need to be in place to achieve this and which lockdown measures are effective. Daily number of laboratory confirmed community coronavirus 2019 cases were extracted from regular reports from the Ministry of Health Singapore from 20 March 2020 to 4 May 2020. We generated daily <jats:italic>R<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> to estimate the time needed for these public health lockdown measures to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 as demonstrated by <jats:italic>R<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> &lt; 1. It took about 14 days of nationwide lockdown for the <jats:italic>R<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> trend to change and start falling. The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for time to <jats:italic>R<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> &lt; 1 was day 15 of lockdown. We have shown that it is possible to start \u2018bending the <jats:italic>R<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> curve\u2019 about 2 weeks after implementation of specific lockdown measures with strict compliance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268820002964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T04:39:02Z","timestamp":1607575142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Time to <i>R<sub>t<\/sub><\/i> &lt; 1 for COVID-19 public health lockdown measures"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9605-7690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. F.","family":"Yung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6473-4375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Saffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268820002964_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt133"},{"key":"S0950268820002964_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316"},{"key":"S0950268820002964_ref3","unstructured":"3. Ministry of Health Singapore. COVID-19 interactive situation report. Available at https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/covid-19\/situation-report."},{"key":"S0950268820002964_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2405-7"},{"key":"S0950268820002964_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.7878"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268820002964","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T02:30:57Z","timestamp":1609813857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268820002964\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":5,"alternative-id":["S0950268820002964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268820002964","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0950-2688"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-4409"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e301"}}