{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:39:53Z","timestamp":1793295593864,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":172,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106698\/Z\/14\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106698\/Z\/14\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the current epidemiology of melioidosis in Yangon, Myanmar, between June 2017 and May 2019 we conducted enhanced surveillance for melioidosis in four tertiary hospitals in Yangon, where the disease was first discovered in 1911. Oxidase-positive Gram-negative rods were obtained from the microbiology laboratories and further analysed at the Department of Medical Research. Analysis included culture on Ashdown agar, the three disc sensitivity test (gentamicin, colistin and co-amoxiclav), latex agglutination, API 20 NE, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and a subset underwent molecular confirmation with a<jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>specific assay. Twenty one of 364 isolates (5.7%) were confirmed as<jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>and were mostly susceptible to the antibiotics used in standard therapy for melioidosis. Ten patients were from Yangon Region, nine were from Ayeyarwaddy region, and one each was from Kayin and Rakhine States. A history of soil contact was given by seven patients, five had diabetes mellitus and one had renal insufficiency. The patients presented with septicaemia (12 cases), pneumonia (three cases), urinary tract infection (two cases) and wound infection (four cases). Eighteen patients survived to hospital discharge. This study highlights the likelihood that melioidosis may be far more common, but underdiagnosed, in more rural parts of Myanmar as in other countries in SE Asia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s095026882100128x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T07:35:27Z","timestamp":1624347327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Enhanced melioidosis surveillance in patients attending four tertiary hospitals in Yangon, Myanmar"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Mo Mo","family":"Win","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyi Kyi Nyein","family":"Win","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thin Thin","family":"Wah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Nyein","family":"Aye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tin Tin","family":"Htwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khwar Nyo","family":"Zin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myint Thazin","family":"Aung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wah Wah","family":"Aung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Ashley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Smithuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Rigas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart J.","family":"Currie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare L.","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaw Than","family":"Htun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9189-7244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.B.","family":"Dance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S095026882100128X_ref11","first-page":"13","article-title":"Indigenous isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei \u2013 the causative agent of melioidosis","volume":"9","author":"Aung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Myanmar Journal of Current Medical Practice"},{"key":"S095026882100128X_ref17","volume-title":"CLSI supplement M100","year":"2017"},{"key":"S095026882100128X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed3010023"},{"key":"S095026882100128X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73545-8"},{"key":"S095026882100128X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S156270","article-title":"Measurement of diabetes, prediabetes and their associated risk factors in Myanmar 2014. 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Win, MM Isolation of Peudomonas species in patients with suppurative infections. Master of Medical Science (Microbiology) thesis 2002. 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Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Program. Standard Operating Procedure for isolation of Burkholderia pseudomallei from clinical samples, 2015. 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