{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T04:22:04Z","timestamp":1781756524564,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":221,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several studies have demonstrated that higher levels of vitamin D are associated with better prognosis and outcomes in infectious diseases. We aimed to compare the vitamin D levels of paediatric patients with mild\/moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and a healthy control group. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were hospitalised at our university hospital with the diagnosis of COVID-19 during the period between 25 May 2020 and 24 December 2020. The mean age of the COVID-19 patients was 10.7 \u00b1 5.5 years (range 1\u201318 years); 43 (57.3%) COVID-19 patients were male. The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in the COVID-19 group than the control group (21.5 \u00b1 10.0<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 28.0 \u00b1 11.0 IU,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001). The proportion of patients with vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group than the control group (44%<jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic>17.5%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001). Patients with low vitamin D levels were older than the patients with normal vitamin D levels (11.6 \u00b1 4.9<jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic>6.2 \u00b1 1.8 years,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.016). There was a significant male preponderance in the normal vitamin D group compared with the low vitamin D group (91.7%<jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic>50.8%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.03). C-reactive protein level was higher in the low vitamin D group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (9.6 \u00b1 2.2<jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic>4.5 \u00b1 1.6 mg\/l,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.074). Our study provides an insight into the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 for future studies. Empiric intervention with vitamin D can be justified by low serum vitamin D levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268821001825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T23:24:39Z","timestamp":1628637879000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Vitamin D levels in children with COVID-19: a report from Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Aysegul","family":"Alpcan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serkan","family":"Tursun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8361-5558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya\u015far","family":"Kandur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00311.2013"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref10","first-page":"110","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in patients with common variable immunodeficiency, with autoimmune diseases and bronchiectasis","volume":"60","author":"Amaya-Mejia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Revista Alergia M\u00e9xico"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/654881"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref16","first-page":"712","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in China","volume":"58","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0211OC","article-title":"Vitamin D modulates prostaglandin E2 synthesis and degradation in human lung fibroblasts","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref21","article-title":"The role of vitamin D in suppressing cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients and associated mortality","author":"Daneshkhah","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaa041"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa979"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01327-0"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017252"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123933"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.06.021"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051248"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"091","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1723957","article-title":"Evaluation of childhood COVID-19 cases: a retrospective analysis","volume":"16","author":"Ako\u011flu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref20","first-page":"2","article-title":"Prostaglandin I2 enhances cough reflex sensitivity to capsaicin in the asthmatic airway","volume":"3","author":"Ishiura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cough (London, England)"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521001562"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/JIM.0b013e31821b8755"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7043011"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-0272"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1317-2"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175517"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240490106"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200502033520521","article-title":"Normal serum vitamin D levels","volume":"352","author":"Hollis","year":"2005","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2004-174"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref2","first-page":"179","article-title":"First case of severe childhood novel coronavirus pneumonia in China","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua er ke za zhi. Chinese Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"S0950268821001825_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25106"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268821001825","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]],"date-time":"2023-01-07T02:36:40Z","timestamp":1673059000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268821001825\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["S0950268821001825"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268821001825","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e180"}}