{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:42:02Z","timestamp":1792629722782,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":270,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Little is known about respiratory viruses infection in Guinea. Influenza surveillance has not been implemented in Guinea mainly because of the paucity of laboratory infrastructure and capacity. This paper presents the first influenza surveillance data in Guinea.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p>Swabs were obtained from August 2018 through December 2019 at influenza sentinel sites and transported to the Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique for testing. Ribonucleic acid was extracted and tested for the presence of influenza A and B by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Positive samples were further characterised to determine the subtypes and lineages of influenza viruses.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p>A total of 862 swabs were collected and tested. Twenty-three per cent of samples tested positive for influenza A and B viruses. Characterisation of positive specimens identified influenza A\/H1N1pmd09 (2.5%), influenza A\/H3N2 (57.3%), influenza B\/Victoria lineage (36.7%) and 7 (3.5%) influenza B with undetermined lineage. Influenza B virus activity clustered in August through November while influenza A\/H3N2 displayed two clusters of activities that appeared in May through August and November through December.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p>For the first time in Guinea, the epidemiology, diversity and period of circulation of influenza viruses were studied. The results indicate the predominance and the periods of activities of influenza B Victoria lineage and influenza A\/H3N2 which are important information for preventive strategies. It is warranted to extend the influenza surveillance to other parts of Guinea to better understand the epidemiology of the viruses and monitor the emergence of influenza strains with pandemic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268821001965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T06:52:13Z","timestamp":1632811933000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The first epidemiological and virological influenza surveillance in the Republic of Guinea revealed the predominance of influenza A\/H3N2 and B Victoria viruses"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7175-8466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamadou Bhoye","family":"Keita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenano","family":"Pierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Ndjomou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassala","family":"Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pepe","family":"Tohonamou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mafoudia","family":"Soumar\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidib\u00e9","family":"Mamadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moussa Aminata","family":"Keita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lestin Ebi","family":"Bile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond Bernard","family":"Pallawo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soatiana Cathycia","family":"Rajatonirina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmadou","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamine","family":"Koivogui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Camara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdoulaye","family":"Tour\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12397"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61051-9"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118884"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3241-3"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1911.130546"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref16","unstructured":"16. (WHO) WHO. Guinea: WHO statistical profile. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/countries\/gin.pdf."},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001977"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12259"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-981"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref18","unstructured":"18. The World Bank. 2014\u20132015 west Africa Ebola crisis: impact update. Available at: http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/macroeconomics\/publication\/2014-2015-west-africa-ebola-crisis-impact-update."},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref17","unstructured":"17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2014\u20132016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/ebola\/history\/2014-2016-outbreak\/index.html."},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref4","volume-title":"Global Epidemiological Influenza Surveillance Standards for Influenza","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref19","volume-title":"Protocol for National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance","year":"2015"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis574"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis576"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.194514"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164861"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2839-1"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-017-0229-1"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2012.00389.x"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33293-2"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis577"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12539"},{"key":"S0950268821001965_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020111"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268821001965","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T09:32:46Z","timestamp":1634808766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268821001965\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0950268821001965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268821001965","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e223"}}