{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:51:41Z","timestamp":1790520701942,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637107200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>The aim of our study was to determine the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and subgenotypes in ethnic minorities in Yunnan province to provide evidence supporting the theoretical basis for hepatitis B prevention and control. We obtained serum samples and demographic data from 765 individuals reported by Yunnan province who had either acute or chronic HBV infection and were from one of 20 ethnic minority populations: Achang, Bai, Brown, Tibetan, Dai, Deang, Dulong, Hani, Hui, Jingpo, Lahu, Yi, Lisu Miao, Naxi, Nu, Pumi, Wa, Yao, or Zhuang people. We sequenced the HBV DNA and determined the genotypes and subgenotypes of the isolated HBVs. We mapped the genotype and subgenotype distribution by ethnic minority population and conducted descriptive analyses. There were four genotypes among the 20 ethnic groups: genotype B (21.3% of samples), C (76.6%), D (1.8%) and I (0.3%). The most common subgenotype was C1. There were no genotype differences by gender (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.954) or age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.274), but there were differences by region (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). There were differences in genotype distribution (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and subgenotype distribution (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.011) by ethnic group. Genotype D was most prominent in Tibet and most HBV isolates were C\/D recombinant viruses. The only two genotype I virus isolates were in Zhuang people. Susceptibility and geographic patterns may influence HBV prevalence in different ethnic populations, but additional research is needed for such a determination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268821002326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T08:34:39Z","timestamp":1637138079000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus genotypes and subgenotypes in ethnic minority populations, Yunnan province, China"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"150","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1642-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang-Rong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Xian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Yu","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong-Fen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i40.6540"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2005.00657.x"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21376"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13104"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28109"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22223"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.2008\/005124-0"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref13","first-page":"387","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological study of acute hepatitis B in Yunnan province in 2016 [J]","volume":"24","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref19","first-page":"355","article-title":"Research on clinical and pathological changes of chronic hepatitis B patients infected with different hepatitis B virus genotypes [J]","volume":"37","author":"Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Chongqing Medical University"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref11","first-page":"2143","article-title":"Preliminary study on tea culture diversity of minority nationalities in Yunnan province","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018708"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref18","first-page":"215","article-title":"Molecular identification of hepatitis B virus genotype I in Yunnan province [J]","volume":"27","author":"Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Virology"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10538","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00462-09","article-title":"A genetic variant of hepatitis B virus divergent from known human and ape genotypes isolated from a Japanese patient and provisionally assigned to new genotype J","volume":"83","author":"Talebi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref6","first-page":"40","article-title":"Race, age, and geography impact hepatitis c genotype distribution in the United States","volume":"1","author":"Gordon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref14","first-page":"271","article-title":"Profile, spectrum and significance of hepatitis B virus genotypes in chronic HBV-infected patients in Yunnan, China","volume":"7","author":"Hutcha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases International"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17413"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.45.6082"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/509894"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12749"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.04.010"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Is mother-to-infant transmission the most important factor for persistent HBV infection?","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerging Microbes and Infections"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref24","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Distribution characteristics of HBV genotypes from 5 different ethnic nationalities in Xinjiang [J]","volume":"20","author":"Feng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-008-2923-1"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i44.12586"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21759"},{"key":"S0950268821002326_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00895-3"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268821002326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T11:56:53Z","timestamp":1641815813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268821002326\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S0950268821002326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268821002326","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e11"}}