{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T11:35:03Z","timestamp":1774611303665,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645401600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":51,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"This study was funded by Cariverona Foundation (ENACT Fund 2020), Italy","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 serological tests are used to assess the infection seroprevalence within a population. This study aims at assessing potential biases in estimating infection prevalence amongst healthcare workers (HCWs) when different diagnostic criteria are considered. A multi-site cross-sectional study was carried out in April\u2013September 2020 amongst 1.367 Italian HCWs. SARS-CoV-2 prevalence was assessed using three diagnostic criteria: RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swab, point-of-care fingerprick serological test (POCT) result and COVID-19 clinical pathognomonic presentation. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the probability of POCT-positive result in relation to the time since infection (RT-PCR positivity). Among 1.367 HCWs, 69.2% were working in COVID-19 units. Statistically significant differences in age, role and gender were observed between COVID-19\/non-COVID-19 units. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection varied according to the criterion considered: 6.7% for POCT, 8.1% for RT-PCR, 10.0% for either POCT or RT-PCR, 9.6% for infection pathognomonic clinical presentation and 17.6% when at least one of the previous criteria was present. The probability of POCT-positive result decreased by 1.1% every 10 days from the infection. This study highlights potential biases in estimating SARS-CoV-2 point-prevalence data according to the criteria used. Although informative on infection susceptibility and herd immunity level, POCT serological tests are not the best predictors of previous COVID-19 infections for public health monitoring programmes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268822000280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T13:47:23Z","timestamp":1645451243000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["COVID-19 seroprevalence amongst healthcare workers: potential biases in estimating infection prevalence"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"150","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4804-2379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maddalena","family":"Cordioli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Mirandola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Gios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Gaspari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Carelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Lotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Sandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Vicentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Gibellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Carrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelina","family":"Tacconelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the ENACT Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244477"},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3944"},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00416-6"},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.113"},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.11.008"},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2015.12.011"},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102581"},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa082"},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref18","unstructured":"18. World Health Organization (WHO). Prevention, identification and management of health worker infection in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance, 30 October 2020. Available at https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/336265 (Accessed 17 November 2020)."},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2701.202114"},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa110"},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref7","first-page":"13","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of COVID-19 serology assays","volume":"42","author":"Zainol Rashid","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Malaysian Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.02.024"},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref26","unstructured":"26. Task Force COVID-19 del Dipartimento Malattie Infettive e Servizio di Informatica ISdS: Epidemia COVID-19, Aggiornamento nazionale: 22 gennaio 2021. In.: Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 (ISS). Available at https:\/\/www.epicentro.iss.it\/coronavirus\/bollettino\/Bollettino-sorveglianza-integrata-COVID-19_20-gennaio-2021.pdf (Accessed 12 February 2021)."},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref31","first-page":"CD013705","article-title":"Rapid, point-of-care antigen and molecular-based tests for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"8","author":"Dinnes","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref2","unstructured":"2. World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) weekly epidemiological update and weekly operational update. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/situation-reports (Accessed 12 March 2021)."},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.041"},{"key":"S0950268822000280_ref21","unstructured":"21. 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