{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T07:49:35Z","timestamp":1773474575650,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645660800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54GM088558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54GM088558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["219759\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["219759\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is limited information on the volume of antibiotic prescribing that is influenza-associated, resulting from influenza infections and their complications (such as streptococcal pharyngitis and otitis media). Here, we estimated age\/diagnosis-specific proportions of antibiotic prescriptions (fills) for the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population during 2010\u20132018 that were influenza-associated. The proportion of influenza-associated antibiotic prescribing among all antibiotic prescribing was higher in children aged 5\u201317 years compared to children aged under 5 years, ranging from 1.4% [95% CI (0.7\u20132.1)] in aged &lt;1 year to 2.7% (1.9\u20133.4) in aged 15\u201317 years. For adults aged over 20 years, the proportion of influenza-associated antibiotic prescribing among all antibiotic prescribing was lower, ranging from 0.7% (0.5\u20131) for aged 25\u201329 years to 1.6% (1.2\u20131.9) for aged 60\u201364 years. Most of the influenza-associated antibiotic prescribing in children aged under 10 years was for ear infections, while for age groups over 25 years, 45\u201384% of influenza-associated antibiotic prescribing was for respiratory diagnoses without a bacterial indication. This suggests a modest benefit of increasing influenza vaccination coverage for reducing antibiotic prescribing, as well as the potential benefit of other measures to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for respiratory diagnoses with no bacterial indication in persons aged over 25 years, both of which may further contribute to the mitigation of antimicrobial resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268822000371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T09:40:39Z","timestamp":1645695639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antibiotic prescribing across age groups in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population in association with different diagnoses, and with influenza incidence, 2010\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"150","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6795-0559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce H.","family":"Fireman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola P.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1504-9213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Lipsitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. Thomas","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref16","unstructured":"16. Gordon, NP (2020) Similarity of adult Kaiser Permanente members to the insured adult population in Kaiser Permanente's Northern California market: comparisons based on the 2017\/2018 cycle of the California Health Interview Survey. Available at https:\/\/divisionofresearch.kaiserpermanente.org\/projects\/memberhealthsurvey\/SiteCollectionDocuments\/compare_kp_ncal_chis2017-18.pdf (Accessed 24 May 2021)."},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901283400402"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw176"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-1131"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13063\/2327-9214.1049"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1409171111"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1721095115"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2021.106339"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref18","unstructured":"18. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/fluvaxview\/coverage-1920estimates.htm (Accessed March 4, 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref1","first-page":"e180243","article-title":"Outpatient antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections during influenza seasons","volume":"1","author":"Havers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association Network Open"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2601.191110"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.10.045"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114052"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003208"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.4151"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31826c2dda"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002504"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa403"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref17","unstructured":"17. California Department of Public Health (2022) Available at: http:\/\/cdphready.org\/the-california-department-of-public-health-cdph-influenza-surveillance-program\/ (Accessed February 4, 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocv054"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref15","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology","author":"Selby","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/12.988"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt235"},{"key":"S0950268822000371_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/15-225","article-title":"The Kaiser Permanente Northern California adult member health survey","volume":"20","author":"Gordon","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Permanente Journal"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268822000371","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T21:00:10Z","timestamp":1674853210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268822000371\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0950268822000371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268822000371","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e85"}}