{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:04:12Z","timestamp":1791644652214,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649203200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":95,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["OPP1160258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1160258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In 2015, Botswana introduced the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine as a two-dose schedule in girls aged 9\u201313 years. We sought to establish a baseline HPV prevalence in unvaccinated young adults in Botswana. HIV-uninfected men and women aged 18\u201322 years were recruited from the University of Botswana in Gaborone during October 2019\u2013February 2021. Demographic and behavioural characteristics were self-reported during structured interviews. Self-collected vaginal and penile swabs were tested for 28 HPV types using Seegene Anyplex II HPV28. We compared any HPV type, quadrivalent vaccine (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18)-type and non-quadrivalent vaccine-type prevalence in men and women and evaluated the risk factors for prevalence of any HPV type. A total of 493 men and 500 women were included in the analysis. Compared to men, women had higher prevalence of any HPV type (63.0%\n                    <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                    31.4%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001), vaccine-type HPV (21%\n                    <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                    9.7%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) and non-vaccine-type HPV (60.4%\n                    <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                    28.4%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Higher prevalence of any HPV type in men and women was associated with having \u22652 sex partners in the past 12 months; always using condoms in the past 3 months was associated with a lower HPV prevalence. These data provide baseline information for future evaluation of the population impact of the HPV vaccination programme, including potential herd effects in men.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268822000619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T04:40:43Z","timestamp":1649220043000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Human papillomavirus prevalence in male and female university students in Gaborone, Botswana"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"150","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9624-8366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doreen","family":"Ramogola-Masire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"McClung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anikie","family":"Mathoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia W.","family":"Gargano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naledi Gape","family":"Nyepetsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Troy D.","family":"Querec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanita","family":"Onyekwuluje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madisa","family":"Mine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Morroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Luckett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauri E.","family":"Markowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.04.108"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6440a5"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015653"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000425"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)71073-4"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31828fcf57"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30716"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa053284"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1539-6"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1181-8"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07130-x"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002270"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122488"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.097253"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.07.055"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30298-3"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13126"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15102210"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.175092","article-title":"Relationship between circumcision and human papillomavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Andrology"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050524"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0129"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2701.191364"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref7","unstructured":"7. HPV Vaccines: Vaccinating Your Preteen or Teen. Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hpv\/parents\/vaccine.html. (Accessed May 2021)."},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref3","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA: a cancer journal for clinicians"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix655"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051456"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802123380703"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318065b8ef"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405044"},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref8","unstructured":"8. Ramogola-Masire, D . HPV Vaccine for cervical cancer prevention in Botswana. Available at http:\/\/www.commonwealthhealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/7-HPV-botswana-Masire.pdf (Accessed June 1 2021)."},{"key":"S0950268822000619_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.05.039"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268822000619","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T14:54:48Z","timestamp":1675176888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268822000619\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S0950268822000619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268822000619","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e87"}}