{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:46:13Z","timestamp":1786999573050,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":300,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We describe the investigations and management of a\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>\n                    outbreak of linked to consumption of pasteurised milk from a vending machine. Multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis was newly used, confirming that\n                    <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n                    detected in human cases was indistinguishable from that in a calf on the farm. This strengthened the evidence for milk from an on-farm vending machine as the source of the outbreak because of post-pasteurisation contamination. Bacteriological indicators of post-pasteurisation contamination persisted after the initial hygiene improvement notice. We propose that on-farm milk vending machines may represent an emerging public health risk.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268822001613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T03:06:44Z","timestamp":1666926404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["An outbreak of\n                    <i>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/i>\n                    linked to pasteurised milk from a vending machine in England: a descriptive study, March 2021"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"150","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1678-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anya","family":"Gopfert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Whittingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"van Hove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire F.","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bayad","family":"Nozad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268822001613_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-12-450"},{"key":"S0950268822001613_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3354-6"},{"key":"S0950268822001613_ref6","unstructured":"6. Ferraro, C , Sims, B and Nozad, B (2022) Numbers, distribution and common risks associated with on-farm pasteurisers and milk vending machines in the South West. Abstract presented at the South West Scientific Conference."},{"key":"S0950268822001613_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014504305666"},{"key":"S0950268822001613_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/112381"},{"key":"S0950268822001613_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12568"},{"key":"S0950268822001613_ref2","unstructured":"2. UK Government (2019) Cryptosporidium data. Available at https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/cryptosporidium-national-laboratory-data\/cryptosporidium-data-2008-to-2017 (Accessed 30 September 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268822001613_ref10","unstructured":"10. Greater Manchester Food Liaison Group (2016) Guidance notes for on-farm pasteurisers. Available at https:\/\/www.abcfoodlaw.co.uk\/ (Accessed 30 September 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268822001613_ref7","unstructured":"7. UK Government (2021) Recommendations for the public health management of gastrointestinal infections 2019, principles and practice. Available at https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/gastrointestinal-disease-notification-questionnaire (Accessed 30 September 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268822001613_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01426-3"},{"key":"S0950268822001613_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.10.003"},{"key":"S0950268822001613_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.1.145-154.2002"},{"key":"S0950268822001613_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9748-0_2"},{"key":"S0950268822001613_ref11","article-title":"Outbreak of verocytotoxin-producing E. coli O145 and O26 infections associated with the consumption of ice cream produced at a farm, Belgium, 2007","volume":"13(7)","author":"De Schrijver","year":"2008","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance: Bulletin Europeen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles=European Communicable Disease Bulletin"},{"key":"S0950268822001613_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2022.e00151"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268822001613","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T03:45:35Z","timestamp":1669002335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268822001613\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["S0950268822001613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268822001613","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e185"}}