{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T13:54:11Z","timestamp":1772373251845,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008648","name":"Pfizer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["# 53234423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 53234423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) into the childhood vaccination programme has reduced invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Although anticipated from data elsewhere, surveillance in Ireland has confirmed reductions in IPD amongst those \u2a7e65 years of age due to a decline of PCV serotypes in this age group. Currently, direct protection against IPD in the elderly is focused on immunisation with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23). However, immunity may not be as effective as with PCV and, furthermore, PPV23 uptake is poor in Ireland. Hence, consideration should be given to providing a PCV to this age group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268823000110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T09:56:53Z","timestamp":1674727013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Invasive pneumococcal surveillance to assess the potential benefits of extended spectrum conjugate vaccines (PCV15\/PCV20) in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9646-2183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilary","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6669-9083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Corcoran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolita","family":"Mereckiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5876-5768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Cunney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9815-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.05.065","article-title":"A post-hoc analysis of serotype-specific vaccine efficacy of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against clinical community acquired pneumonia from a randomised clinical trial in the Netherlands","volume":"37","author":"Gessner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref7","unstructured":"7. European Medicines Agency (2021) Report Summary of opinion Apexxnar pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (20-valent, adsorbed). EMA\/CHMP\/689575\/2021. Accessed from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/smop-initial\/chmp-summary-positive-opinion-apexxnar_en.pdf. Published 16 December 2021."},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.05.028","article-title":"Low vaccination coverage for seasonal influenza and pneumococcal disease among adults at-risk and health care workers in Ireland, 2013: the key role of GPs in recommending vaccination","volume":"34","author":"Giese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e360","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(21)00077-7","article-title":"Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data","volume":"3","author":"Brueggemann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Digital Health"},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.06.017","article-title":"Using genomics to examine the persistence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A in Ireland and the emergence of a sub-clade associated with vaccine failures","volume":"39","author":"Corcoran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref1","unstructured":"1. Gierke, R (2017) CDC. Vaccine Preventable Disease Surveillance Manual Pneumococcal: Chapter 11.1. Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/pubs\/surv-manual\/chpt11-pneumo.pdf (Accessed 19 October 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref5","unstructured":"5. HPSC (2022) Immunisation uptake report for Ireland \u2013 A report by the Health Protection Surveillance Centre \u2013 Q1 2022. Accessed 12th September 2022. https:\/\/www.hpsc.ie\/a-z\/vaccinepreventable\/vaccination\/immunisationuptakestatistics\/immunisationuptakestatisticsat12and24monthsofage\/ (Accessed 19 October 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30306-0","article-title":"Indirect effects of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Shiri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.05.097","article-title":"A public health evaluation of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine impact on adult disease outcomes from a randomized clinical trial in the Netherlands","volume":"37","author":"Gessner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817001194","article-title":"The epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults in the post-PCV era. Has there been a herd effect?","volume":"145","author":"Corcoran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.2000892","article-title":"Re-emergence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and increase of serotype 23B after easing of COVID-19 measures, Switzerland, 2021","volume":"10","author":"Casanova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerging Microbes and Infection"},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.04.085","article-title":"Immunogenicity and safety of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared to a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in pneumococcal vaccine-naive adults","volume":"31","author":"Jackson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002549","article-title":"Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections and vaccine failures in children in Ireland from the post vaccine era from 2007 to 2018","volume":"39","author":"Corcoran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal"},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref6","unstructured":"6. European Medicines Agency (2021) Report Summary of opinion Vaxneuvance pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (15-valent, adsorbed). EMA\/CHMP\/539313\/2021. Accessed from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/smop-initial\/chmp-summary-positive-opinion-vaxneuvance_en.pdf."},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1984888","article-title":"A review of current data to support decision making for introduction of next generation higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of immunocompetent older adults in the UK","volume":"20","author":"Vyse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Review of Vaccines"},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00937","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00937-20","article-title":"A new pneumococcal capsule type, 10D, is the 100th serotype and has a large cps fragment from an oral Streptococcus","volume":"11","author":"Ganaie","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-211767","article-title":"Effect of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive disease in older adults of 10 European countries: implications for adult vaccination","volume":"74","author":"Hanquet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4661","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.1968216","article-title":"The 13\u2013valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) does not appear to provide much protection on combined invasive disease due to the six PCV-13 non-PV7 serotypes 1, 3, 5, 6A, 7F and 19A in Kuwait during 2010\u20132019","volume":"17","author":"Mokkadas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics"},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7104a1","article-title":"Use of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among U.S. adults: updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices \u2013 United States, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports"},{"key":"S0950268823000110_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.05.010","article-title":"Immunogenicity and safety of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults 70 years of age and older previously vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine","volume":"31","author":"Jackson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268823000110","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T10:57:16Z","timestamp":1676545036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268823000110\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["S0950268823000110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268823000110","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 RCSI and Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Ireland, 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e27"}}