{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T15:32:12Z","timestamp":1748964732196,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":58,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) or rough sleeping are a vulnerable population, likely to be disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The impact of COVID-19 infection on this population is yet to be fully described in England. We present a novel method to identify COVID-19 cases in this population and describe its findings. A phenotype was developed and validated to identify PEH or rough sleeping in a national surveillance system. Confirmed COVID-19 cases in England from March 2020 to March 2022 were address-matched to known homelessness accommodations and shelters. Further cases were identified using address-based indicators, such as NHS pseudo postcodes. In total, 1835 cases were identified by the phenotype. Most were &lt;39 years of age (66.8%) and male (62.8%). The proportion of cases was highest in London (29.8%). The proportion of cases of a minority ethnic background and deaths were disproportionality greater in this population, compared to all COVID-19 cases in England. This methodology provides an approach to track the impact of COVID-19 on a subset of this population and will be relevant to policy making. Future surveillance systems and studies may benefit from this approach to further investigate the impact of COVID-19 and other diseases on select populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s095026882300033x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T08:52:29Z","timestamp":1677574349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Making the invisible visible: using national surveillance data to identify people experiencing homelessness in England with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0283-7563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Capelastegui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7777-1175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joe","family":"Flannagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2216-720X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Augarde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2712-7971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise","family":"Tessier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2214-5900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimple","family":"Chudasama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4606-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin","family":"Dabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3965-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa","family":"Lamagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6480-4310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Campos-Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"3. Department fo Levelling Up Housing and Communities (2021) Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities: Rough sleeping snapshot in England: autumn 2021. DLUHC. Available at https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/rough-sleeping-snapshot-in-england-autumn-2021\/rough-sleeping-snapshot-in-england-autumn-2021#enquiries.","key":"S095026882300033X_ref3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S095026882300033X_ref9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.03.012"},{"unstructured":"10. UKHSA (2022) Technical summary, UK Health Security Agency data series on deaths in people with COVID-19. Available at https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/phe-data-series-on-deaths-in-people-with-covid-19-technical-summary.","key":"S095026882300033X_ref10"},{"unstructured":"5. Shelter (2021) 274,000 people in England are homeless, with thousands more likely to lose their homes: Shelter. Available at https:\/\/england.shelter.org.uk\/media\/press_release\/274000_people_in_england_are_homeless_with_thousands_more_likely_to_lose_their_homes.","key":"S095026882300033X_ref5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S095026882300033X_ref7","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30160-0"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S095026882300033X_ref8","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab176"},{"volume-title":"The Homelessness Monitor: England 2022","year":"2022","author":"Fitzpatrick","key":"S095026882300033X_ref2"},{"unstructured":"4. Office for National Statistics (2021) Rough sleeping in the UK: 2002 to 2021. Available at https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/housing\/articles\/roughsleepingintheuk\/2002to2021#snapshot-survey-statistics.","key":"S095026882300033X_ref4"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S095026882300033X_ref6","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049811"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S095026882300033X_ref1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-05876-1"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S095026882300033X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T13:20:11Z","timestamp":1679664011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S095026882300033X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["S095026882300033X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s095026882300033x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0950-2688"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-4409"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Crown Copyright \u2013 UK Health Security Agency, 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e51"}}