{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:19:10Z","timestamp":1792811950449,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682985600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":121,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the prevalence of respiratory pathogens among hospitalised children with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in Suzhou. Children with ARIs admitted to the Children\u2019s Hospital of Soochow University between 1 September 2021 and 31 December 2022 and subjected to 13 respiratory pathogen multiplex PCR assays were included in the study. We retrospectively collected demographic details, results of respiratory pathogen panel tests, and discharge diagnostic information of the participants, and described the age and seasonal distribution of respiratory pathogens and risk factors for developing pneumonia. A total of 10,396 children &lt;16\u00a0years of age, including 5,905 males and 4,491 females, were part of the study. The positive rates of the 11 respiratory pathogen assays were 23.3% (human rhinovirus (HRV)), 15.9% (human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV)), 10.5% (human metapneumovirus (HMPV)), 10.3% (human parainfluenza virus (HPIV)), 8.6% (mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)), 5.8% (Boca), 3.5% (influenza A (InfA)), 2.9% (influenza B (InfB)), 2.7% (human coronavirus (HCOV)), 2.0% (adenovirus (ADV)), and 0.5% (Ch), respectively. Bocavirus and HPIV detection peaked during the period from September to November (autumn), and MP and HMPV peaked in the months of November and December. The peak of InfA detection was found to be in summer (July and August), whereas the InfB peak was observed to be in winter (December, January, and February). HRSV and HRV predominated in the &lt;3\u00a0years age group. HRV and HMPV were common in the 3\u20136\u00a0years group, whereas MP was predominant in the \u22656\u00a0years group. MP (odds ratio (OR): 70.068, 95%CI: 32.665\u2013150.298, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), HMPV (OR: 6.493, 95%CI: 4.802\u20138.780, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), Boca (OR: 3.300, 95%CI: 2.186\u20134.980, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), and HRSV (OR: 2.649, 95%CI: 2.089\u20133.358, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) infections were more likely to develop into pneumonia than the other pathogens. With the use of NPIs, HRV was the most common pathogen in children with ARIs, and MP was more likely to progress to pneumonia than other pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268823000626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T01:07:36Z","timestamp":1682989656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Prevalence of respiratory pathogens and risk of developing pneumonia under non-pharmaceutical interventions in Suzhou, China"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6222-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268823000626_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6130"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r6","unstructured":"[6] Xinhuanet (2020) China Focus: Schools start online courses as epidemic control postpones new semester. Available at http:\/\/www.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2020-02\/17\/c_138792006.htm (accessed 17 December 2021)."},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2891-x"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5446-1"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6173"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1911083116"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31593-8"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30090-6"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.881224"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2018.07.001"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.048769"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12854"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24480"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002178"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1475"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20956"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000171"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11121542"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23222"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01148-8"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21157-9"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1906"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00114-16"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24961"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60222-6"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00367-18"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30264-5"},{"key":"S0950268823000626_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408363.2011.640976"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268823000626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T10:22:21Z","timestamp":1685010141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268823000626\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0950268823000626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268823000626","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e82"}}