{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T04:24:24Z","timestamp":1778646264147,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685318400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":148,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>The evidence for the incubation period of Legionnaires\u2019 disease is based on data from a small number of outbreaks. An incubation period of 2\u201310\u00a0days is commonly used for the definition and investigation of cases. In the German LeTriWa study, we collaborated with public health departments to identify evidence-based sources of exposure among cases of Legionnaires\u2019 disease within 1\u201314\u00a0days before symptom onset. For each individual, we assigned weights to the numbered days of exposure before symptom onset, giving the highest weight to exposure days of cases with only one possible day of exposure. We then calculated an incubation period distribution where the median was 5 days and the mode was 6 days. The cumulative distribution reached 89% by the 10th day before symptom onset. One case-patient with immunosuppression had a single day of exposure to the likely infection source only 1 day before symptom onset. Overall, our results support the 2- to 10-day incubation period used in case definition, investigation, and surveillance of cases with Legionnaires\u2019 disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268823000833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T07:59:37Z","timestamp":1685347177000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["How valid is the 2- to 10-day incubation period for cases of Legionnaires\u2019 disease?: A reappraisal in the context of the German LeTriWa study; Berlin, 2016\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1686-0289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann-Sophie","family":"Lehfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Petzold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonita","family":"Brodhun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6597-3995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Udo","family":"Buchholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268823000833_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2107.141130"},{"key":"S0950268823000833_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0820-3","article-title":"Pan-European study on culture-proven Legionnaires\u2019 disease: Distribution of Legionella pneumophila serogroups and monoclonal subgroups","volume":"21","author":"Helbig","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S0950268823000833_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-008-0592-5"},{"key":"S0950268823000833_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0801.010176"},{"key":"S0950268823000833_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197712012972201"},{"key":"S0950268823000833_r3","unstructured":"[3] Robert Koch Institute (2019) RKI Ratgeber Legionellose. Stand: 05.09.2019. Available at https:\/\/www.rki.de\/DE\/Content\/Infekt\/EpidBull\/Merkblaetter\/Ratgeber_Legionellose.html (accessed 30 March 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268823000833_r2","volume-title":"European Legionnaires\u2019 Disease Surveillance Network (ELDSNet) \u2013 Operating Procedures for the Surveillance of Travel-Associated Legionnaires\u2019 Disease in the EU\/EEA","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0950268823000833_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06093.x"},{"key":"S0950268823000833_r9","first-page":"3","article-title":"Treten F\u00e4lle von Legion\u00e4rskrankheit auch au\u00dferhalb der 2- bis 10-t\u00e4gigen Inkubationszeit auf? Ergebnisse der LeTriWa-Studie","volume":"45","author":"Lehfeld","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiologisches Bulletin"},{"key":"S0950268823000833_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.912649"},{"key":"S0950268823000833_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.46.30064"},{"key":"S0950268823000833_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241724"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268823000833","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T09:54:03Z","timestamp":1686909243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268823000833\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["S0950268823000833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268823000833","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e97"}}