{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T05:44:19Z","timestamp":1793252659961,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686268800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":159,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017649","name":"Hong Kong Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CID-CUHK-E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CID-CUHK-E"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017649","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Without protective immunity, recurrent sexually transmitted infections (STI) could occur. In this study, we retrospectively collected STI diagnosis records from public STI clinics attended by an average of 6,000 male patients annually in Hong Kong in 2009\u20132019. We estimated the prevalence of three bacterial STI (syphilis, chlamydia and gonorrhoea) coinfection from 2009 to 2019, and examined the factors associated with coinfection in 2014\/15 and repeat infection in 2009\u20132019. We observed an increasing coinfection prevalence in male attendees with bacterial STI over the years, which reached the highest level of 15% in 2019. Among 3,698 male patients in 2014\u20132015, chlamydia\/gonorrhoea coinfection was the commonest among all coinfections (77%). Factors such as young age (29 or below), HIV-positive status, and a history of concurrent genital warts\/herpes were positively associated with coinfection in 2014\/15 in multivariable logistic regression. Of all male patients with STI coinfection in 2014\/15, those of age 30\u201349 and who self-reported as men who have sex with men (MSM) were more likely to have been repeatedly infected in 2009\u20132019. The results support the implementation of regular multi-STI testing as an STI control strategy for selected communities like MSM and people living with HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268823000948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T11:26:54Z","timestamp":1686310014000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Coinfection and repeat bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STI) \u2013 retrospective study on male attendees of public STI clinics in an Asia Pacific city"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9047-7966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sze Long","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3788-8114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ngai Sze","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"King Man","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1448-765X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shui Shan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268823000948_r9","unstructured":"[9] Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health (Hong Kong) (2022) Hong Kong STD\/AIDS Update, Vol. 28 No. 4 Quarter 4 2022. Available at https:\/\/www.aids.gov.hk\/english\/surveillance\/stdaids\/std22q4.pdf (accessed 11 May 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050929"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181cfcb34"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-019-00125-4"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00469580211065684","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580211065684","article-title":"Trend analysis of the profiles of 12 sexually transmitted disease pathogens in the republic of Korea in 2019","volume":"58","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2013.04.007"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae\u20142014","volume":"63","author":"Papp","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR. Recommendations and Reports"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-501"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-014-0486-y"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000389"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/609315"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17269\/CJPH.106.4792"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000889"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.1246"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584-018-0213-4"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r22","first-page":"56","article-title":"Co-infection rate of chlamydial urethritis in patients with gonorrhea in Hong Kong","volume":"21","author":"Kwan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hong Kong Journal of Dermatology and Venereology"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054741"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000294"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r1","unstructured":"[1] World Health Organization (2021) Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021. Geneva: World Health Organization."},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7184.74978"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-009-9590-6"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa165.539"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r21","first-page":"40","article-title":"Prevalence and contextual risk factors of sexually transmitted infections in Hong Kong: Abridged secondary publication","volume":"27","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hong Kong Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051535"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.2000.0330"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000947"},{"key":"S0950268823000948_r2","unstructured":"[2] Pokharel, U (2016) Factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and multiple STI co-infections: Results from the EVRI HIV prevention preparedness trial. University of South Florida."}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268823000948","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T01:01:40Z","timestamp":1729558900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268823000948\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["S0950268823000948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268823000948","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e101"}}