{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T05:25:50Z","timestamp":1773984350901,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689206400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":193,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p><jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. is a common zoonotic pathogen, causing gastrointestinal infections in people. Pigs and pig meat are a major source of infection. Although farm biosecurity is believed to be important for controlling <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> transmission, robust evidence is lacking on which measures are most effective. This study enrolled 250 pig farms across nine European countries. From each farm, 20 pooled faecal samples (or similar information) were collected and analysed for <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> presence. Based on the proportion of positive results, farms were categorised as at higher or lower <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> risk, and associations with variables from a comprehensive questionnaire investigated. Multivariable analysis indicated that farms were less likely to be in the higher-risk category if they had \u2018&lt;400 sows\u2019; used rodent baits close to pig enclosures; isolated stay-behind (sick) pigs; did not answer that the hygiene lock\/ anteroom was easy to clean; did not have a full perimeter fence; did apply downtime of at least 3\u00a0days between farrowing batches; and had fully slatted flooring in all fattener buildings. A principal components analysis assessed the sources of variation between farms, and correlation between variables. The study results suggest simple control measures that could be prioritised on European pig farms to control <jats:italic>Salmonella.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268823001115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T09:19:34Z","timestamp":1689239974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Assessing pig farm biosecurity measures for the control of <i>Salmonella<\/i> on European farms"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6871-4673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard P.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah E.","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Burow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Meester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tijs J.","family":"Tobias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena-Lucia","family":"Sassu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Pavoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5674-1332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Di Bartolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Prigge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Wasyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Zmudzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arvo","family":"Viltrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imbi","family":"Nurmoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veit","family":"Zoche-Golob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni L.","family":"Alborali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Romantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Dors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gergana","family":"Krumova-Valcheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Kol\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiseppe","family":"Aprea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hristo","family":"Daskalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268823001115_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-67.7.1384"},{"key":"S0950268823001115_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00294-7"},{"key":"S0950268823001115_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2004.01.001"},{"key":"S0950268823001115_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815002794"},{"key":"S0950268823001115_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818002248"},{"key":"S0950268823001115_r23","first-page":"570","volume-title":"Disease in Swine","author":"Schwartz","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0950268823001115_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.159.9.271"},{"key":"S0950268823001115_r15","unstructured":"[15] Sergeant, ESG (2018) Epitools Epidemiological Calculators. 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the same Creative Commons licence is used to distribute the re-used or adapted article and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e130"}}