{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T18:53:35Z","timestamp":1789239215543,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":199,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Cyclosporiasis results from an infection of the small intestine by <jats:italic>Cyclospora<\/jats:italic> parasites after ingestion of contaminated food or water, often leading to gastrointestinal distress. Recent developments in temporally linking genetically related <jats:italic>Cyclospora<\/jats:italic> isolates demonstrated effectiveness in supporting epidemiological investigations. We used \u2018temporal-genetic clusters\u2019 (TGCs) to investigate reported cyclosporiasis cases in the United States during the 2021 peak-period (1 May \u2013 31 August 2021). Our approach split 655 genotyped isolates into 55 genetic clusters and 31 TGCs. We linked two large multi-state epidemiological clusters (Epidemiologic Cluster 1 [n\u00a0=\u00a0136 cases, 54 genotyped] and Epidemiologic Cluster 2 [n\u00a0=\u00a042 cases, 15 genotyped]) to consumption of lettuce varieties; however, product traceback did not identify a specific product for either cluster due to the lack of detailed product information. To evaluate the utility of TGCs, we performed a retrospective case study comparing investigation outcomes of outbreaks first detected using epidemiological methods with those of the same outbreaks had TGCs been used to first detect them. Our study results indicate that adjustments to routine epidemiological approaches could link additional cases to epidemiological clusters of cyclosporiasis. Overall, we show that CDC\u2019s integrated genotyping and epidemiological investigations provide valuable insights into cyclosporiasis outbreaks in the United States.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268823001176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T10:16:58Z","timestamp":1689761818000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Retrospective evaluation of an integrated molecular-epidemiological approach to cyclosporiasis outbreak investigations \u2013 United States, 2021"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Ahart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1164-8024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Richins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueli","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Barratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaliano","family":"Cama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9466-6414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne","family":"Qvarnstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Straily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268823001176_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820001697"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab495"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7090317"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.AME-0001-2018"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182020000979"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354919881650"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118202200172X"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r17","unstructured":"[17] R Core Team (2013) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. In: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7686-4_12"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0703.017303"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r12","first-page":"311","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing is taking over foodborne disease surveillance","volume":"11","author":"Carleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbe"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0117"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12628"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019000581"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017001925"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03385-14"},{"key":"S0950268823001176_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268821002090"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268823001176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T06:02:06Z","timestamp":1691647326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268823001176\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["S0950268823001176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268823001176","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e131"}}