{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T17:39:42Z","timestamp":1793209182333,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693872000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":247,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Turkeys are important sources of antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter. A total of 1063 isolates were obtained from 293 turkey flocks across Canada between 2016 and 2021 to evaluate their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevalence, patterns, distribution, and association with antimicrobial use (AMU). A high proportion of\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were resistant to tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, despite the very low use of these drugs.\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates had a higher probability of being resistant to tetracyclines than\n                    <jats:italic>C. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. The chance of\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates being resistant to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and lincosamides was lower compared to\n                    <jats:italic>C. coli.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Isolates from the western region had a higher probability of being resistant to fluoroquinolones than isolates from Ontario. Isolates from Ontario had higher odds of being resistant to tetracyclines than isolates from Quebec. No associations were noted between the resistance and use of the same antimicrobial, but the use of certain antimicrobial classes may have played a role in the maintenance of resistance in Campylobacter (fluoroquinolone resistance \u2013 bacitracin and streptogramin use, tetracycline resistance \u2013 flavophospholipids and streptogramins use, macrolide resistance \u2013 flavophospholipid use). Low-level multidrug-resistant Campylobacter was observed indicating a stable AMR in turkeys. This study provided insights aiding future AMU and AMR surveillance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268823001462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T05:18:24Z","timestamp":1693891104000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Assessing antimicrobial resistance in\n                    <i>Campylobacter jejuni<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Campylobacter coli<\/i>\n                    and its association with antimicrobial use in Canadian turkey flocks"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8770-4171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rima D.","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Agunos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheryl P.","family":"Gow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2751-3677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Csaba","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268823001462_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96S","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01358.x","article-title":"Poultry as a source of Campylobacter and related organisms","volume":"90","author":"JEL","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1907.111417"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282897"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00131"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104905"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r18","unstructured":"[18] Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (2008) Antimicrobial prudent use guidelines 2008 for beef cattle, dairy cattle, poultry, and swine."},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.954123"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r25","unstructured":"[25] EUCAST (2022) European Committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing to clinical colleagues: On recent changes in clinical microbiology susceptibility reports\u2014New interpretation of susceptibility categories S, I and R. [cited 14 Dec 2022]. Available at https:\/\/www.eucast.org\/fileadmin\/src\/media\/PDFs\/EUCAST_files\/Guidance_documents\/To_clinical_colleagues_on_recent_changes_in_clinical_microbiology_susceptibility_reports_9_July2021.pdf (accessed 14 December 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46203-0"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2021.1953514"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2019.2752"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01509"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0294-9"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/340605"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2018.00083"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2011.01.010"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02765-19"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r8","first-page":"e07209","article-title":"The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019\u20132020","volume":"20","year":"2022","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r1","unstructured":"[1] WHO (2020) Campylobacter [cited 10 Jan 2023]. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/campylobacter (accessed 10 January 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r17","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Antimicrobial therapy of selected diseases in turkeys, laying hens, and minor poultry species in Canada","volume":"54","author":"Agunos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2005.02796.x"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r4","unstructured":"[4] World Organization for Animal Health (2021) Global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research, discovery, and development of new antibiotics [cited 7 Jan 2022]. Available at https:\/\/www.woah.org\/app\/uploads\/2021\/03\/antibio-en.pdf (accessed 7 January 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r26","unstructured":"[26] FDA (2022) Methods: The national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system: Enteric bacteria [cited 14 Dec 2022]. Available at https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/101741\/download (accessed 14 December 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10111492"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.1.110-118.2002"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221429"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02835-22"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10060673"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00439-6"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13046"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r3","unstructured":"[3] CDC (2019) Campylobacter [cited 10 Jan 2023]. Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/campylobacter\/faq.html (accessed 8 January 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00362-14"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04765.x"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-72.3.473"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2013.0110"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00357-014-9161-z"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.9.3442-3450.2004","article-title":"Incidence of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolated in Alberta, Canada, from 1999 to 2002, with special reference to tet(O)-mediated tetracycline resistance","volume":"48","author":"Amera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r34","unstructured":"[34] Government of Canada (2021) Poultry and egg market information\/Turkey [cited 11 Feb 2022]. Available at https:\/\/agriculture.canada.ca\/en\/canadas-agriculture-sectors\/animal-industry\/poultry-and-egg-market-information\/turkey (accessed 11 January 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41429-018-0113-4"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.732969"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.04.019"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/74718"},{"key":"S0950268823001462_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2012.1389"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268823001462","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T05:27:09Z","timestamp":1695619629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268823001462\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0950268823001462"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268823001462","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e152"}}