{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:12:16Z","timestamp":1787069536702,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":249,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridium botulinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    causes infant botulism by colonising the intestines and producing botulinum neurotoxin\n                    <jats:italic>in situ.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Previous reports have linked infant botulism cases to\n                    <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    spores in household dust, yet the baseline incidence of\n                    <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    spores in residential households is currently unknown. Vacuum cleaner dust from 963 households in 13 major Canadian cities was tested for\n                    <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    using a novel real-time PCR assay directed against all known subtypes of the botulinum neurotoxin gene. None of the samples tested positive for\n                    <jats:italic>C. botulinum.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Analysis of a random subset of samples by MALDI Biotyper revealed that the most common anaerobic bacterial isolates were of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the most common species recovered overall was\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Dust that was spiked with\n                    <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    spores of each toxin type successfully produced positive real-time PCR reactions. These control experiments indicate that this is a viable method for the detection of\n                    <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    spores in household dust. We make several recommendations for future work that may help discover a common environmental source of\n                    <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    spores that could lead to effective preventative measures for this rare but deadly childhood disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268823001474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T05:21:01Z","timestamp":1694064061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Viable\n                    <i>Clostridium botulinum<\/i>\n                    spores not detected in the household dust of major Canadian cities"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4520-1079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3366-9770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeleine","family":"Blondin-Brosseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Levesque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6748-4255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pat E.","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0491-4291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne","family":"Beauchemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8824-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John W.","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268823001474_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.9.2.282-283.1979"},{"key":"S0950268823001474_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.75.5.935"},{"key":"S0950268823001474_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.014"},{"key":"S0950268823001474_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es104056m"},{"key":"S0950268823001474_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1557408"},{"key":"S0950268823001474_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1827"},{"key":"S0950268823001474_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254529"},{"key":"S0950268823001474_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es101730y"},{"key":"S0950268823001474_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.66.6.936"},{"key":"S0950268823001474_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu331"},{"key":"S0950268823001474_r20","first-page":"1141","volume-title":"Anonymous 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US Department of Agriculture. Available at https:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/food-safety\/foodborne-illness-and-disease\/pathogens\/clostridium-botulinum (accessed 10 May 2023)."}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268823001474","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T02:52:47Z","timestamp":1695696767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268823001474\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0950268823001474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268823001474","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e154"}}