{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T03:16:03Z","timestamp":1775704563744,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":262,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) information has played a crucial role in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic by providing evidence about variants to inform public health policy. The purpose of this study was to assess the representativeness of sequenced cases compared with all COVID-19 cases in England, between March 2020 and August 2021, by demographic and socio-economic characteristics, to evaluate the representativeness and utility of these data in epidemiological analyses. To achieve this, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 cases were extracted from the national laboratory system and linked with WGS data. During the study period, over 10% of COVID-19 cases in England had WGS data available for epidemiological analysis. With sequencing capacity increasing throughout the period, sequencing representativeness compared to all reported COVID-19 cases increased over time, allowing for valuable epidemiological analyses using demographic and socio-economic characteristics, particularly during periods with emerging novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study demonstrates the comprehensiveness of England\u2019s sequencing throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, rapidly detecting variants of concern, and enabling representative epidemiological analyses to inform policy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268823001541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:27:21Z","timestamp":1695169641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Representativeness of whole-genome sequencing approaches in England: the importance for understanding inequalities associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9514-0097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Twohig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1387-0200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie","family":"Harman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6420-2539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asad","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3611-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shirin","family":"Aliabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7717-6982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie G.","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6212-4672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Sinnathamby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4117-961X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9223-5542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eileen","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3832-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Groves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5495-7535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Schwach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1941-4735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4269-1164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9697-0340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meera","family":"Chand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0434-2724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Thelwall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4606-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin","family":"Dabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268823001541_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2021.07.002"},{"key":"S0950268823001541_r4","unstructured":"[4] (UKHSA) UHSA. 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Twice weekly rapid testing to be available to everyone in England (2021)."},{"key":"S0950268823001541_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-021-02395-y"},{"key":"S0950268823001541_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2705.203524"},{"key":"S0950268823001541_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100630"},{"key":"S0950268823001541_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.12.021"},{"key":"S0950268823001541_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04069-y"},{"key":"S0950268823001541_r17","unstructured":"[17] PHE. Weekly national Influenza and COVID19 surveillance report: Week 41 report (up to week 40 data) (2020)."},{"key":"S0950268823001541_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00121-X"},{"key":"S0950268823001541_r7","unstructured":"[7] WHO. 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e169"}}