{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T21:08:03Z","timestamp":1776805683973,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":298,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005198","name":"Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YGFK20190031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YGFK20190031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Many studies have investigated the positivity rate of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) after hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) immunization. However, the antibody level, assessed monthly or at more frequent intervals after each of the three doses, particularly within the first year after birth, has not been previously reported. To elucidate the level of antibody formation at various times after vaccination, the current study used the available detection data of HBsAb in hospitalized children to analyze the HBsAb level after immunization combined with their vaccination history. Both the positivity rate and geometric mean concentration (GMC) increased sequentially with immunization doses, reaching their peaks earlier after the third dose than after the first two doses, and the rate of HBsAb positivity was able to reach 100% between 11 and 90\u00a0days after completing the three doses of HepB. Within one year after receiving the three doses, the antibody positivity rate and GMC were maintained above 90% and 100 mIU\/mL, respectively, and subsequently steadily declined, reaching the lowest value in the 9th and 10th years. The current findings reveal, in more detail, the level of antibody formation at different times following each dose of HepB in hospitalized children, particularly in the age group up to one year after vaccination. For the subjects of this study, we prefer to believe that the proportion of HBsAb non-response should be less than 5% after full immunization with HepB, provided that the appropriate time for blood collection is chosen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268823001747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T08:40:23Z","timestamp":1698309623000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hepatitis B antibody levels after different doses of hepatitis B vaccination: a retrospective study based on hospitalized children"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3629-6195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jihai","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayan","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijian","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"BinBing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianwei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268823001747_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(02)90120-7"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00384-2"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199607000-00006"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r1","unstructured":"[1] WHO (2022). World Health Organization Fact Sheet-Hepatitis B."},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r20","first-page":"501","article-title":"Two-year hepatitis B antibody sero-prevalence following sequential primary vaccination with domestic and imported recombinant yeast-based hepatitis B vaccines","volume":"27","author":"Nani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8020156"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r16","volume-title":"Vaccines","author":"Plotkin","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r17","first-page":"303","article-title":"Infants non-and low-response after recombinant yeast derived Hepatitis B vaccinated and influencing factors analysis","volume":"13","author":"Hui","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r3","first-page":"462","article-title":"Comparative analyze on hepatitis B seroepidemiological surveys among population aged 1-29 years in different epidemic regions of China in 1992 and 2014","volume":"51","author":"Fuzhen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/137.3.261"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r29","first-page":"1553","article-title":"Sero epidemiological survey of hepatitis B virus among people aged 1 -29 in Anhui Province, 2014","volume":"44","author":"Ying","year":"2017","journal-title":"Modern Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00866.x"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(83)90005-1"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1533617"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2305.161477"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r2","unstructured":"[2] Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases CMA, Chinese Society of Hepatology CMA (2019). Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (version 2019)."},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r22","first-page":"271","article-title":"Vaccination against hepatitis B virus in children and adolescents in a pediatric hospital","volume":"87","author":"Catania","year":"1996","journal-title":"Recenti Progressi in Medicina"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r30","first-page":"280","article-title":"Acute hepatitis B in Anhui province, 2009 to 2016","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03390190090026"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r15","unstructured":"[15] WHO (2017). Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper."},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8010001"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-18695"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r21","first-page":"e26748","article-title":"Protective effect of hepatitis B vaccine combined with two-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin on infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers","volume":"6","author":"Zou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Library of Science One"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.5.766"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r19","article-title":"Efficacy of birth dose vaccination in preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B: a randomized controlled trial comparing Engerix-B and Sci-B-Vac","volume":"9","author":"Safadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r27","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of standard and double doses of hepatitis B vaccine in children after liver transplantation: an open-label, randomised controlled trial.","volume":"10","author":"Sintusek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199609000-00004"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r8","first-page":"164","article-title":"Changes in hepatitis B virus antibody titers over time among children: a single center study from 2012 to 2015 in an urban of South Korea","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Central Pediatrics"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345940730050301"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10071"},{"key":"S0950268823001747_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz537"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268823001747","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T07:01:52Z","timestamp":1699945312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268823001747\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S0950268823001747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268823001747","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e186"}}