{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:48:25Z","timestamp":1793393305151,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":318,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Congenital Zika is a devastating consequence of maternal Zika virus infections. Estimates of age-dependent seroprevalence profiles are central to our understanding of the force of Zika virus infections. We set out to calculate the age-dependent seroprevalence of Zika virus infections in Brazil. We analyzed serum samples stratified by age and geographic location, collected from 2016 to 2019, from about 16,000 volunteers enrolled in a Phase 3 dengue vaccine trial led by the Institute Butantan in Brazil. Our results show that Zika seroprevalence has a remarkable age-dependent and geographical distribution, with an average age of the first infection varying from region to region, ranging from 4.97 (3.03\u20135.41) to 7.24 (6.98\u20137.90) years. The calculated basic reproduction number, <jats:inline-formula>\n\t      <jats:alternatives>\n\t\t<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0950268823001814_inline1.png\"\/>\n\t\t<jats:tex-math>$ {R}_0 $<\/jats:tex-math>\n\t      <\/jats:alternatives>\n\t    <\/jats:inline-formula>, varied from region to region, ranging from 1.18 (1.04\u20131.41) to 2.33 (1.54\u20133.85). Such data are paramount to determine the optimal age to vaccinate against Zika, if and when such a vaccine becomes available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268823001814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T09:47:11Z","timestamp":1700041631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Seroprevalence of Zika in Brazil stratified by age and geographic distribution"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Viviane Fongaro","family":"Botosso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander Roberto","family":"Precioso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelies","family":"Wilder-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle Bruna Leal","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabyano Bruno Leal","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cairo Monteiro","family":"De Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Pereira","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucyana Trindade Leal","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralyria Mello Vieira","family":"dos Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Lilian","family":"de Agostini Utescher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Antonio Bezerra","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7200-2916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Massad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268823001814_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5039-z","article-title":"). Microcephaly epidemic related to the Zika virus and living conditions in Recife, Northeast Brazil","volume":"18","author":"Souza","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1067-x","article-title":"). Zika vaccines and therapeutics: landscape analysis and challenges ahead","volume":"16","author":"Wilder-Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa061","article-title":"). Zika among international travellers presenting to GeoSentinel sites, 2012-2019: implications for clinical practice","volume":"27","author":"Angelo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Travel Medicine"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.09.009","article-title":"NS1-based ELISA test efficiently detects dengue infections without cross-reactivity with Zika virus","volume":"112","author":"Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-019-0926-y","article-title":"Optimization and scale-up production of Zika virus \u0394NS1 in Escherichia coli: application of response surface methodology","volume":"10","author":"Kanno","year":"2019","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817000358","article-title":"Zika in Rio de Janeiro: assessment of basic reproduction number and comparison with dengue outbreaks","volume":"145","author":"Villela","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.12.040","article-title":"Demonstrating vaccine effectiveness during a waning epidemic: a WHO\/NIH meeting report on approaches to development and licensure of Zika vaccine candidates","volume":"37","author":"Vannice","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.09.105","article-title":"Clinical evaluation strategies for a live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine","volume":"33","author":"Precioso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817001200","article-title":"On the origin and timing of Zika virus introduction in Brazil","volume":"145","author":"Massad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r11","article-title":"Potential Zika virus spread within and beyond India","volume":"25","author":"Watts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Travel Medicine"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00315-3","article-title":"Seroprevalence of rubella antibodies in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 8 years after the introduction of vaccine","volume":"21","author":"Zanetta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01390","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01390-17","article-title":"High Zika virus Seroprevalence in Salvador, Northeastern Brazil limits the potential for further outbreaks","volume":"8","author":"Netto","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12673","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69235-0","article-title":"Zika virus infection in pregnancy and adverse fetal outcomes in Sao Paulo state, Brazil: a prospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Sanchez Clemente","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10524","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.20.10524-10529.2002","article-title":"Evolutionary dynamics of viral attenuation","volume":"76","author":"Badget","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.3390\/v10110615","article-title":"Persistence and intra-host genetic evolution of Zika virus infection in symptomatic adults: a special view in the male reproductive system","volume":"10","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/24.4.842","article-title":"). Assessing the efficacy of a mixed vaccination strategy against rubella in Sao Paulo, Brazil","volume":"24","author":"Massad","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21199-z","article-title":"). Recent African strains of Zika virus display higher transmissibility and fetal pathogenicity than Asian strains","volume":"12","author":"Aubry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03497-1","article-title":"Publisher correction: discordant congenital Zika syndrome twins show differential in vitro viral susceptibility of neural progenitor cells","volume":"9","author":"Caires-J\u00fanior","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"S0950268823001814_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa165","article-title":"). 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e197"}}