{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T11:02:05Z","timestamp":1740135725488,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702252800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI16\/02005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI16\/02005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>We carried out a retrospective study of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks reported between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2021 in Catalonia (Spain) to compare the incidence from 2015 to 2019 with that observed from 2020 to 2021. We observed a higher incidence rate of outbreaks during the prepandemic period (16.89 outbreaks\/1,000,000 person-years) than during the pandemic period (6.96 outbreaks\/1,000,000 person-years) (rate ratio (RR) 0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34 to 0.51). According to the aetiology of the outbreak, those of viral aetiology decreased from 7.82 to 3.38 outbreaks\/1,000,000 person-years (RR 2.31; 95% CI 1.72 to 3.12), and those of bacterial aetiology decreased from 5.01 to 2.78 outbreaks\/1,000,000 person-years (RR 1.80; 95% CI 1.29 to 2.52). There was a great reduction in AGE outbreaks in Catalonia. This reduction may have been due to the effect of the nonpharmaceutical measures applied to reduce the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the collapse of the healthcare system and epidemiological surveillance services may also have had a strong influence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268823001851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T10:21:01Z","timestamp":1702290061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in Catalonia (Spain)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4875-0236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignasi","family":"Parr\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00f2nica","family":"Carol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Bes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2611-6055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Conchita","family":"Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2896-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pere","family":"Godoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Barrabeig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Rosa","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"Minguell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaquin","family":"Ferras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana I.","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0219-1907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c0ngela","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Working Group for the Study of Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis in Catalonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268823001851_r10","unstructured":"[10] Centre d\u2019Estudis Epidemiol\u00f2gics sobres les Infeccions de Transmissi\u00f3 Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT). (2022). Vigil\u00e0ncia epidemiol\u00f2gica de les infeccions de transmissi\u00f3 sexual (ITS) a Catalunya. Informe anual 2021. Available at https:\/\/canalsalut.gencat.cat\/web\/.content\/_A-Z\/S\/sida\/enllasos\/anual_ITS.pdf (accessed 5 July 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.200633"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r5","unstructured":"[5] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Scientific brief: SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Available at http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK570442\/ (accessed 20 December 2021)."},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.101997"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256638"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2607.200764"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100268"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r12","unstructured":"[12] World Health Organization. (2020). The top 10 causes of death (Internet). Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/the-top-10-causes-of-death (accessed 25 February 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.785373"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r33","first-page":"2725","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","author":"Pegues","year":"2020"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r14","unstructured":"[14] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Global water, sanitation and hygiene. Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthywater\/global\/diarrhea-burden.html (accessed 22 January 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105730"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16381"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckac031"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.03.006"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1682"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e180"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2731","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary health care disease incidence rates: 2017 to 2020","volume":"20","author":"Sis\u00f3-Almirall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annals of Family Medicine"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2021.100184"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2021.0099"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r15","unstructured":"[15] World Health Organization. (2021). Diarrhoea. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/westernpacific\/health-topics\/diarrhoea (accessed 22 January 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5644\/ama2006-124.317"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r11","unstructured":"[11] Mompart, A , Planella, A. (2023). Informe de salut de Catalunya 2021. Available at https:\/\/scientiasalut.gencat.cat\/handle\/11351\/9286 (accessed 5 July 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2014.11.015"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r32","first-page":"2269","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","author":"Dolin","year":"2020"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r1","unstructured":"[1] World Health Organization. (2020). Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/commentaries\/detail\/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations (accessed 25 February 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r30","unstructured":"[30] UK Health Security Agency. (2023). National norovirus and rotavirus report, week 11 report: Data up to week 9 (5 March 2023). Available at https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/national-norovirus-and-rotavirus-surveillance-reports-2022-to-2023-season\/national-norovirus-and-rotavirus-report-week-11-report-data-up-to-week-9-5-march-2023 (accessed 5 July 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r13","unstructured":"[13] World Health Organization. (2017). Diarrhoeal disease. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/diarrhoeal-disease (accessed 25 February 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11040342"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r37","unstructured":"[37] Ciruela, P , et al. (2022). Informe sobre els microorganismes causants de malalties infeccioses declarats durant l\u2019any 2020. Available at https:\/\/scientiasalut.gencat.cat\/handle\/11351\/8970 (accessed 2 July 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00499-08"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r34","unstructured":"[34] Codorniu, JM . (2021). El impacto de la pandemia en las residencias para personas mayores y las nuevas necesidades de personal en la etapa pos-COVID. Available at https:\/\/www.funcas.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Montserrat.pdf (accessed 5 July 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r35","unstructured":"[35] Clarke, J. (2021). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in nursing and residential care facilities in Canada. Available at https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/360445618_Impacts_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_nursing_and_residential_care_facilities_in_Canada (accessed 6 July 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfaa121"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r19","unstructured":"[19] Institut d\u2019 Estadistica de Catalunya. (2020). Statistical yearbook of Catalonia. Population on 1 January. Provinces. Available at https:\/\/www.idescat.cat\/pub\/?id=aec&n=245&lang=en&t=2017 (accessed 20 December 2021)."},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r2","unstructured":"[2] World Health Organization. (2020). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions: scientific brief. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/commentaries\/detail\/transmission-of-sars-cov-2-implications-for-infection-prevention-precautions (accessed 25 February 2022)."},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166557"},{"key":"S0950268823001851_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020006460","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-006460","article-title":"Social distancing for COVID-19 and diagnoses of other infectious diseases in children","volume":"146","author":"Hatoun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268823001851","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T07:33:44Z","timestamp":1705563224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268823001851\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0950268823001851"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268823001851","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0950-2688"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-4409"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the same Creative Commons licence is used to distribute the re-used or adapted article and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e10"}}