{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T21:57:46Z","timestamp":1747173466166,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":91,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Real-time evaluation (RTE) supports populations (e.g., persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) to engage in evaluation of health interventions who may otherwise be overlooked. The aim of this RTE was to explore the understanding of TB amongst PEH, identify barriers\/facilitators to attending screening for PEH alongside suggestions for improving TB-screening events targeting PEH, who have high and complex health needs. This RTE composed of free-text structured one-to-one interviews performed immediately after screening at a single tuberculosis (TB) screening event. Handwritten forms were transcribed for thematic analysis, with codes ascribed to answers that were developed into core themes. All RTE participants (n=15) learned about the screening event on the day it was held. Key concerns amongst screening attendees included: stigma around drug use, not understanding the purpose of TB screening, lack of trusted individuals\/services present, too many partner organizations involved, and language barriers. Facilitators to screening included a positive welcome to the event, a satisfactory explanation of screening tests, and sharing of results. A need for improved event promotion alongside communication of the purpose of TB screening amongst PEH was also identified. A lack of trust identified by some participants suggests the range of services present should be reconsidered for future screening events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268824000402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T08:40:52Z","timestamp":1711960852000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-time evaluation of a multi-agency TB-screening event for persons experiencing homelessness in a town with a low incidence of TB in England"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5306-2403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Dave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0986-7858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivan","family":"Thakrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Bagnall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jharna","family":"Kumbang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268824000402_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042533313479197","DOI":"10.1177\/2042533313479197","article-title":"Using mixed methods in health research","volume":"4","author":"Tariq","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Short Reports"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001466"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050717"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13111"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r7","unstructured":"[7] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) TB and people experiencing homelessness. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 31 January 2023 [Online]. Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tb\/topic\/populations\/homelessness\/ (accessed 01 August 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r4","unstructured":"[4] Public Health England (2019) Homelessness: Applying All Our Health. GOV.UK, 6 June 2019 [Online]. Available at https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/homelessness-applying-all-our-health\/homelessness-applying-all-our-health (accessed 17 August 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/BJGP.2021.0596"},{"volume-title":"Delivering Health and Care for People Who Sleep Rough: Going above and beyond","year":"2020","key":"S0950268824000402_r22"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14476.2"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r1","unstructured":"[1] World Health Organisation (2023) Tuberculosis, 21 April 2023 [Online]. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/tuberculosis (accessed 01 August 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2022.102216"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r11","unstructured":"[11] Rogers, P (2020) Real-time evaluation (Working paper #4), December 2020 [Online]. Available at https:\/\/www.betterevaluation.org\/tools-resources\/real-time-evaluation-working-paper-4 (accessed 01 August 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098214007300895"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08265-y"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-022-01000-8"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r2","unstructured":"[2] UK Health Security Agency (2023) TB incidence and epidemiology in England, 2021. GOV.UK, 2023."},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2061"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r3","unstructured":"[3] Shelter England (2023) Legal definition of homelessness and threatened homelessness [Online]. Available at https:\/\/england.shelter.org.uk\/professional_resources\/legal\/homelessness_applications\/homelessness_and_threatened_homelessness\/legal_definition_of_homelessness_and_threatened_homelessness#title-1 (accessed 08 August 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2011.09.020"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r10","unstructured":"[10] NHS England and UK Health Security Agency (2023) Tuberculosis (TB): Action plan for England, 2021 to 2026. GOV.UK, 15 March 2023 [Online]. Available at https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/tuberculosis-tb-action-plan-for-england\/tuberculosis-tb-action-plan-for-england-2021-to-2026 (accessed 08 August 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13380"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61132-6"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r6","unstructured":"[6] Office for National Statistics (2022) Deaths of homeless people in England and Wales: 2021 registrations, 23 November 2022 [Online]. Available at https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/birthsdeathsandmarriages\/deaths\/bulletins\/deathsofhomelesspeopleinenglandandwales\/2021registrations (accessed 01 August 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12563"},{"volume-title":"The Unhealthy State of Homelessness 2022: Findings from the Homeless Health Needs Audit","year":"2022","key":"S0950268824000402_r24"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r14","unstructured":"[14] Local Government Association (2021) Transforming the public health system: Reforming the public health system for the challenges of our times. Local Government Association, 23 April 2021 [Online]. Available at https:\/\/www.local.gov.uk\/parliament\/briefings-and-responses\/transforming-public-health-system-reforming-public-health-system (accessed 17 August 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac336"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdv014"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104520926247"},{"key":"S0950268824000402_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1042677"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268824000402","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T11:20:12Z","timestamp":1731669612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268824000402\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0950268824000402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268824000402","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0950-2688"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-4409"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 Crown Copyright - UK Health Security Agency, 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e73"}}