{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T05:56:11Z","timestamp":1763358971009,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":141,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Brucellosis, a global zoonosis, is endemic in Israel. We used a national database of culture-confirmed cases (2004\u20132022) to analyse the trends of brucellosis. Of 2,489 unique cases, 99.8% were bacteraemic, 64% involved males, and the mean age was 30.5\u00a0years. <jats:italic>Brucella melitensis<\/jats:italic> was the dominant species (99.6%). Most cases occurred among the Arab sector (84.9%) followed by the Jewish (8.5%) and Druze (5.5%) sectors. The average annual incidence rates overall and for the Arab, Druze, and Jewish sectors were 1.6\/100,000, 6.6\/100,000, 5.5\/100,000, and 0.18\/100,000, respectively. The annual incidence rates among the Arab (incidence rate ratio (IRR)\u00a0=\u00a036.4) and the Druze (IRR\u00a0=\u00a029.6) sectors were significantly higher than among the Jewish sector (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The highest incidence rates among the Arab sector occurred in the South District, peaking at 41.0\/100,000 in 2012. The frequencies of <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> isolated biotypes (biotype 1 \u2013 69.1%, biotype 2 \u2013 26.0%, and biotype 3 \u2013 4.3%) differed from most Middle Eastern and European countries. A significant switch between the dominant biotypes was noted in the second half of the study period. Efforts for control and prevention should be sustained and guided by a One Health approach mindful of the differential trends and changing epidemiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268824000803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T08:06:35Z","timestamp":1716278795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["National epidemiology of culture-confirmed brucellosis in Israel, 2004\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0251-5813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Weinberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Moran-Gilad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Perry Markovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Bardenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268824000803_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2909.230052"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145086"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r11","unstructured":"[11] Israel Center for Disease Control, ICDC (2020) Selected Infectious Diseases Reported Cases, 1951\u20132015. Publication No 394. Available at https:\/\/www.gov.il\/BlobFolder\/reports\/disease1951-2015\/he\/files_publications_units_ICDC_Disease1951_2015.pdf (accessed 3 March 2024)."},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r17","unstructured":"[17] The State Comptroller and Ombudsman of Israel (2018) The treatment of diseases in cattle and small ruminants. Available at https:\/\/www.mevaker.gov.il\/sites\/DigitalLibrary\/Documents\/2018-68c-213-mahalot.pdf (accessed 30 May 2024)."},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r21","unstructured":"[21] Israel Central Bureau of Statistics Statistical abstracts of Israel. Available at https:\/\/www.cbs.gov.il\/EN\/Pages\/search\/yearly.aspx (accessed 3 March 2024)."},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r5","first-page":"e8442","article-title":"The European Union One Health 2022 Zoonoses report","volume":"21","year":"2023","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r20","unstructured":"[20] Israel Ministry of Health Weekly Epidemiological Reports (n.d.). Available at https:\/\/www.gov.il\/he\/departments\/dynamiccollectors\/weekly-epidemiological-report?skip=0 (accessed 12 November 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.06.012"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.483"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2014.1726"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2706.204902"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5430-9"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70382-6"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010816"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r35","unstructured":"[35] FAO animal production and health. (2009) Brucella melitensis in Eurasia and the Middle East. FAO technical meeting in collaboration with WHO and OIE. FAO Animal Production and Health Proceedings No 10. Available at https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/i1402e\/i1402e00.pdf (accessed 3 March 2024)."},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001014"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10020238"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2010.51.345"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050570"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.04.037"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0116"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96774-x"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r19","unstructured":"[19] Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (n.d.) Localities and other geographical divisions. Available at https:\/\/www.cbs.gov.il\/he\/settlements\/Pages\/default.aspx?mode=Yeshuv (accessed 3 March 2024)."},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40592-018-0079-9"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199607000-00003"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r18","first-page":"52","article-title":"Human brucellosis in Israel - The Saga continues","volume":"21","author":"Glikman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Israel Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r4","article-title":"The community summary report on trends and sources of Zoonoses and zoonotic agents in the European Union in 2007","volume":"223","year":"2009","journal-title":"The EFSA Journal"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008071"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14270"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r9","first-page":"167","article-title":"Insights into the problem of B. 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Available at https:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/nndss\/static\/2020\/annual\/2020-table2d.html (accessed 3 March 2024)."},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r13","first-page":"359","article-title":"Recent trends in human brucellosis in Israel","volume":"13","author":"Anis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Israel Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2204.151192"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1325-8"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00248-1"},{"key":"S0950268824000803_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008795"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268824000803","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T13:18:09Z","timestamp":1719407889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268824000803\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0950268824000803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268824000803","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0950-2688"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-4409"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e88"}}