{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T21:57:55Z","timestamp":1747173475538,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":273,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>In December 2018, an outbreak of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Enteritidis infections was identified in Canada by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). An investigation was initiated to identify the source of the illnesses, which proved challenging and complex. Microbiological hypothesis generation methods included comparisons of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolate sequence data to historical domestic outbreaks and international repositories. Epidemiological hypothesis generation methods included routine case interviews, open-ended centralized re-interviewing, thematic analysis of open-ended interview data, collection of purchase records, a grocery store site visit, analytic comparison to healthy control groups, and case\u2013case analyses. Food safety hypothesis testing methods included food sample collection and analysis, and traceback investigations. Overall, 83 cases were identified across seven provinces, with onset dates from 6 November 2018 to 7 May 2019. Case ages ranged from 1 to 88\u00a0years; 60% (50\/83) were female; 39% (22\/56) were hospitalized; and three deaths were reported. Brand X profiteroles and eclairs imported from Thailand were identified as the source of the outbreak, and eggs from an unregistered facility were hypothesized as the likely cause of contamination. This study aims to describe the outbreak investigation and highlight the multiple hypothesis generation methods that were employed to identify the source.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268824001067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T11:09:44Z","timestamp":1727694584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Everything but the kitchen sink: The use of multiple hypothesis generation methods to investigate an outbreak of <i>Salmonella<\/i> Enteritidis associated with frozen profiteroles and eclairs"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3051-0437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marsha","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna J. W.","family":"Manore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"April","family":"Hexemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bijay","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Chui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Galanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colette","family":"Gaulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lance","family":"Honish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Mah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Murti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268824001067_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816003083"},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r4","unstructured":"[4] Public Health Agency of Canada (2015) Foodbook Report. [Online]. Available at https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/publications\/food-nutrition\/foodbook-report.html."},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-13-190"},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r16","unstructured":"[16] Health Canada Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Evaluation Division, Food Directorate (2011) The compendium of analytical methods. [Online]. Available at https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/food-nutrition\/research-programs-analytical-methods\/analytical-methods\/compendium-methods.html."},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008686.2021.2007828"},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r17","unstructured":"[17] Food Safety News (4 May 2019) Australia recalls frozen desserts linked to Salmonella outbreak in Canada | Food Safety News. [Online]. Available at https:\/\/www.foodsafetynews.com\/2019\/05\/australia-recalls-frozen-desserts-linked-to-salmonella-outbreak-in-canada\/#:~:text=In%20Australia%2C%20Mountain%20Mist%20Eclairs,1%20to%20May%201%2C%202019 (accessed 1 Feb 2024)."},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r21","unstructured":"[21] U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2016) Poppies International, Inc. Battleboro, North Carolina Recalls mini eclairs and chocolate covered cream puffs because of potential health risks, 16 Dec 2016. [Online]. Available at http:\/\/wayback.archive-it.org\/7993\/20180125100732\/https:\/www.fda.gov\/Safety\/Recalls\/ucm533807.htm."},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v40is1a01"},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2021.103871"},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820002381"},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.24.1700503"},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1508.081585"},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r19","unstructured":"[19] State of Rhode Island Department of Health (2011) Press releases \u2013 All baked goods from DeFusco Bakery recalled due to unsafe handling practices."},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab118"},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r23","unstructured":"[23] World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2020) INFOSAN Members\u2019 Guide. [Online]. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240000230."},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r20","first-page":"78","article-title":"An unusual outbreak of food poisoning","volume":"26","author":"Thaikruea","year":"1995","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x.jfp-11-385"},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r14","unstructured":"[14] Public Health Agency of Canada (2017) Canada\u2019s Foodborne Illness Outbreak Response Protocol (FIORP): A guide to multi-jurisdictional enteric outbreak response."},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820000837"},{"key":"S0950268824001067_r5","unstructured":"[5] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network FoodNet Fast Database. 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e107"}}