{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T17:43:11Z","timestamp":1769103791083,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":277,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Seasonal influenza epidemics result in high levels of healthcare utilization. Vaccination is an effective strategy to reduce the influenza-related burden of disease. However, reporting vaccine effectiveness does not convey the population impacts of influenza vaccination. We aimed to calculate the burden of influenza-related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) attendance averted by influenza vaccination in Victoria, Australia, from 2017 to 2019, and associated economic savings. We applied a compartmental model to hospitalizations and ED attendances with influenza-specific, and pneumonia and influenza (P&amp;I) with the International Classification of Diseases, 10<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) diagnostic codes of J09-J11 and J09-J18, respectively. We estimated an annual average of 7657 (120 per 100000 population) hospitalizations and 20560 (322 per 100000 population) ED attendances over the study period, associated with A$85 million hospital expenditure. We estimated that influenza vaccination averted an annual average of 1182 [range: 556 \u2013 2277] hospitalizations and 3286 [range: 1554 \u2013 6257] ED attendances and reduced the demand for healthcare services at the influenza season peak. This equated to approximately A13 [range: A6 \u2013 A25] million of savings over the study period. Calculating the burden averted is feasible in Australia and auseful approach to demonstrate the health and economic benefits of influenza vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268824001122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T06:15:30Z","timestamp":1728022530000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hospitalizations and emergency attendance averted by influenza vaccination in Victoria, Australia, 2017 \u2013 2019"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3013-3384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine G. A.","family":"Pendrey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arseniy","family":"Khvorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Son","family":"Nghiem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md R.","family":"Rahaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Strachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheena G","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268824001122_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51340"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r18","volume-title":"Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset (VEMD) Manual 2022-2023","year":"2022"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33321\/cdi.2019.43.48"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.09.086"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33321\/cdi.2022.46.14"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11061089","article-title":"Real-world evidence in cost-effectiveness analysis of enhanced influenza vaccines in adults \u2265 65 years of age: literature review and expert opinion","volume":"11","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r27","volume-title":"National Efficient Price Determination 2019-20","year":"2019"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r19","volume-title":"Hospital Output Measures in the Australian National Accounts: Experimental Estimates, 2004-05 to 2017-18","year":"2020"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066312"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r17","volume-title":"Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset (VAED) Manual 2021-22","year":"2021"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r10","unstructured":"[10] Victorian Government Department of Health (2023) Better Health Channel: Influenza (flu) - immunisation Melbourne: Victorian Government Department of Health; [updated 2023 March 3; cited 2023 November 2]. 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Available at https:\/\/github.com\/cran\/impactflu\/tree\/master."},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r44","unstructured":"[44] Australian Immunisation Register Amendment (Reporting) Act 2021 (No. 1, 2021) - Schedule 1 (2021)."},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12508","article-title":"Record linkage study of the pathogen-specific burden of respiratory viruses in children","volume":"11","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r2","first-page":"1900268","article-title":"Impact of influenza vaccination programmes among the elderly population on primary care, Portugal, Spain and the Netherlands: 2015\/16 to 2017\/18 influenza seasons","volume":"24","author":"Machado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"#cr-split#-S0950268824001122_r26.1","unstructured":"[26] National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance Australia (2023) Influenza Vaccine Coverage Data Westmead: National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance Australia [updated 2023 April 2"},{"key":"#cr-split#-S0950268824001122_r26.2","unstructured":"cited 2023 September 7]. Available at https:\/\/ncirs.org.au\/influenza-vaccination-coverage-data."},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r29","volume-title":"National Efficient Price Determination 2018-19","year":"2018"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r30","unstructured":"[30] Reserve Bank of Australia (2023) Inflation Calculator Sydney: Reserve Bank of Australia; [updated 2022 January; cited 2023 March 29]. Available at https:\/\/www.rba.gov.au\/calculator\/annualDecimal.html."},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12902","article-title":"Modelling the influenza disease burden in people aged 50-64 and \u226565\u00a0years in Australia","volume":"16","author":"Moa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r16","unstructured":"[16] Australian Bureau of Statistics (2023) National, State and Territory Population Tables Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics; [updated 2022 September 14; cited 2023 March 17]. Available at https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/people\/population\/national-state-and-territory-population\/latest-release#data-downloads-data-cubes."},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13003"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r35","volume-title":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs","author":"Reid","year":"2020"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202787"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5365\/wpsar.2017.8.2.002"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2011-200230"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r28","volume-title":"National Efficient Price Determination 2017-18","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3297-1"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r9","unstructured":"[9] Victorian Government Department of Health (2023) Vaccine History Timeline Melbourne: Victorian Government Department of Health; [updated 2023 June 6; cited 2023 June 6]. Available at https:\/\/www.health.vic.gov.au\/immunisation\/vaccine-history-timeline."},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r21","article-title":"Influenza epidemiology in patients admitted to sentinel Australian hospitals in 2018: the Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN)","volume":"43","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Communicable Diseases Intelligence (2018)"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03764.x"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222851"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz676"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r22","article-title":") Influenza epidemiology in patients admitted to sentinel Australian hospitals in 2019: the Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN)","volume":"46","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Communicable Diseases Intelligence (2018)"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12111"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r25","article-title":"Right sizing for vaccine effectiveness studies: how many is enough for reliable estimation?","volume":"43","author":"Price","year":"2019","journal-title":"Communicable Diseases Intelligence (2018)"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.10.026"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.022"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r39","unstructured":"[39] Australian Bureau of Statistics (2023) Population clock and pyramid Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics; [updated 2023 October 21; cited 2023 October 21]. Available at https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/people\/population\/population-clock-pyramid."},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r11","article-title":"Influenza epidemiology in patients admitted to sentinel Australian hospitals in 2017: the Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN)","volume":"43","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Communicable Diseases Intelligence (2018)"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1244"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52026"},{"key":"S0950268824001122_r43","article-title":"Influenza epidemiology in patients admitted to sentinel Australian hospitals in 2017: the Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN)","volume":"43","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Communicable Diseases Intelligence (2018)"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268824001122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T06:15:40Z","timestamp":1728022540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268824001122\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0950268824001122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268824001122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the same Creative Commons licence is used to distribute the re-used or adapted article and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e111"}}