{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:30:12Z","timestamp":1793658612731,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735257600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":361,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In May 2017, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) became the primary subtyping method for\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Canada. As a result of the increased discriminatory power provided by WGS, 16 multi-jurisdictional outbreaks of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated with frozen raw breaded chicken products were identified between 2017 and 2019. The majority (15\/16) were associated with\n                    <jats:italic>S. enteritidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while the remaining outbreak was associated with\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Heidelberg. The 16 outbreaks included a total of 487 cases with ages ranging from 0 to 98\u00a0years (median: 24\u00a0years); 79 hospitalizations and two deaths were reported. Over the course of the outbreak investigations, 14 frozen raw breaded chicken products were recalled, and one was voluntarily withdrawn from the market. After previous changes to labelling and the issuance of public communication for these products proved ineffective at reducing illnesses, new industry requirements were issued in 2019, which required the implementation of measures at the manufacturing\/processing level to reduce\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    to below detectable amounts in frozen raw breaded chicken products. Since implementation, no further outbreaks of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated with frozen breaded chicken have been identified in Canada, a testament to the effectiveness of these risk mitigation measures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268824001705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T22:38:19Z","timestamp":1735252699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Outbreak investigations of\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    and frozen raw breaded chicken: the mitigation of a significant public health issue in Canada"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7795-109X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Kerr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3051-0437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rima","family":"Kandar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelvin","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bijay","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Cutler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Galanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colette","family":"Gaulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Hamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanis","family":"Kershaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Kirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Mah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Nesbitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"Smadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marsha","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"April","family":"Hexemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268824001705_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109609"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-509"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381576"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01595-06"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r21","unstructured":"[21] Government of Canada. (2021) FoodNet Canada: The integrated sentinel site surveillance network for enteric disease in Canada, as of May 2024. Public Health Agency of Canada, Health Infobase (https:\/\/health-infobase.canada.ca\/foodnet-canada\/). Accessed 8 December 2024."},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7218a2"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-16-431"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819001432"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2012.1389"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808000897"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-87"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2008.06.002"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r30","unstructured":"[30] Government of Canada. (2018) Council of Chief Medical Officers of Health Concerned about the Risk of Salmonella Illness from Frozen Raw Breaded Chicken Products. Available at: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/news\/2018\/09\/council-of-chief-medical-officers-of-health-concerned-about-the-risk-of-salmonella-illness-from-frozen-raw-breaded-chicken-products.html."},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.9.1900606"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-71.10.2153"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2022.0064"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810001615"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-041715-033259"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r29","unstructured":"[29] Government of Canada. (2019) Public Health Notice - Outbreaks of Salmonella Infections Linked to Raw Chicken, Including Frozen Raw Breaded Chicken Products. Available at: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/public-health-notices\/2018\/outbreaks-salmonella-infections-linked-raw-chicken-including-frozen-raw-breaded-chicken-products.html."},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-52.8.586"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r11","unstructured":"[11] Government of Canada. (2023) National Enteric Surveillance Program Annual Summary 2021. Available at: https:\/\/publications.gc.ca\/collections\/collection_2024\/aspc-phac\/HP37-15-2021-eng.pdf."},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r4","first-page":"749","article-title":"Vital signs: incidence and trends of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food\u2013foodborne diseases active surveillance network, 10 U.S. sites, 1996\u20132010","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2019.2650"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r32","unstructured":"[32] Canadian Food Inspection Agency. (2019) Salmonella Control Options in Frozen Raw Breaded Chicken Products. Available at: https:\/\/inspection.canada.ca\/preventive-controls\/meat\/salmonella-in-frozen-raw-breaded-chicken\/eng\/1531254524193\/1531254524999."},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-713"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.23.30544"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r28","unstructured":"[28] Canadian Food Inspection Agency. (2019) List of Recalls of Frozen Raw Breaded Chicken Products due to Salmonella: From July 2017 to Present. Available at: https:\/\/inspection.canada.ca\/about-cfia\/transparency\/regulatory-transparency-and-openness\/food-safety-investigations\/raw-breaded-chicken-products\/eng\/1536716947924\/1536717030715."},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2015.1966"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r38","unstructured":"[38] Canadian Food Inspection Agency. (2019) Questions and Answers: New Measures to Reduce Salmonella in Frozen Raw Breaded Chicken Products. Available at: https:\/\/inspection.canada.ca\/preventive-controls\/meat\/salmonella-in-frozen-raw-breaded-chicken\/faq\/eng\/1554140834819\/1554140994648."},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v46i1112a07"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r26","unstructured":"[26] Government of Canada. (2015) Public Health Notice \u2013 Outbreak of Salmonella Infections Linked to Frozen Raw Breaded Chicken Products. Available at: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/public-health-notices\/2015\/public-health-notice-outbreak-salmonella-infections-linked-frozen-breaded-chicken-products.html."},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r31","unstructured":"[31] Canadian Food Inspection Agency. (2019) Background Information: Reducing the Risk of Illness Associated with Frozen Raw Breaded Chicken Products. Available at: https:\/\/inspection.canada.ca\/preventive-controls\/meat\/salmonella-in-frozen-raw-breaded-chicken\/backgrounder\/eng\/1554141522231\/1554141574415."},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805004383"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813001945"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-67.6.1111"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r35","first-page":"164","article-title":"Consumer attitudes and behaviours - key risk factors in an outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 12 infection sourced to chicken nuggets, Australian and New Zealand","volume":"23","author":"Kenny","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r7","unstructured":"[7] British Columbia Integrated Surveillance of Foodborne Pathogens. (2018) British Columbia Integrated Surveillance of Foodborne Pathogens (BCISFP) Annual Summary of Salmonella findings: 2017. Available at: http:\/\/www.bccdc.ca\/resource-gallery\/Documents\/Statistics%20and%20Research\/Statistics%20and%20Reports\/Epid\/Enterics\/2017%20BCISFP%20Annual%20Report.pdf."},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.06.007"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1592867"},{"key":"S0950268824001705_r36","unstructured":"[36] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Food Safety Authority. (2021) Multi-Country Outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis Sequence Type (ST) 11 Infections Linked to Poultry Products in the EU\/EEA and the United Kingdom. Available at: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/salmonella-enteritidis-rapid-outbreak-assessment-united-kingdom-poultry-2021.pdf."}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268824001705","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T22:38:37Z","timestamp":1735252717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268824001705\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0950268824001705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268824001705","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 Public Health Agency of Canada, 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e180"}}