{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:06:36Z","timestamp":1789387596742,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Hong Kong is an intermediate tuberculosis (TB) endemicity city dominated by reactivation diseases. A cross-sectional study on the clinical and epidemiologic data of newly diagnosed TB cases was conducted in such a setting, to examine the association between ambient PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and TB reactivation. After the exclusion of cases most likely resulting from recent infection, four distinct TB population phenotypes were delineated by latent class analysis based on their reactivation risk and clinical profiles (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02,153): \u2018<jats:italic>Elderly male<\/jats:italic>\u2019 (26%), \u2018<jats:italic>Otherwise healthy younger adult<\/jats:italic>\u2019 (34%), \u2018<jats:italic>Older female<\/jats:italic>\u2019 (19%) and \u2018<jats:italic>Male smoker<\/jats:italic>\u2019 (21%). Overall, exposure to high concentrations of ambient PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> 6 and 12\u00a0months before the notification was significantly associated with \u2018<jats:italic>Otherwise healthy younger adults<\/jats:italic>\u2019 membership (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.07 and 1.11, respectively) compared with \u2018<jats:italic>Elderly male<\/jats:italic>\u2019. Such association was less evident for other phenotypes. The differential pattern of association between ambient PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> exposure and TB population phenotypes suggested the role of ambient PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> in TB reactivation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268824001808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T01:52:36Z","timestamp":1735782756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ambient PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> exposure and tuberculosis reactivation: a cross-sectional study in an intermediate burden city"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"153","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0848-1406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonia Hiu Wan","family":"Lau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"},{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong 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Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis Kai Hon","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"},{"name":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changqing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1448-765X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shui Shan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"},{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong 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