{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:45:16Z","timestamp":1786999516365,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n We assessed the validity of serum total anti-nucleoprotein Immunoglobulin (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n -antibodies) to identify SARS-CoV-2 (re)infections by estimating the persistence of\n N<\/jats:italic>\n -antibody seropositivity and boosting following infection. From a prospective Dutch cohort study (VASCO), we included adult participants with \u22652 consecutive self-collected serum samples, 4\u20138\u00a0months apart, between May 2021\u2013May 2023. Sample pairs were stratified by\n N<\/jats:italic>\n -seropositivity of the first sample and by self-reported infection within the sampling interval. We calculated the proportions of participants with\n N<\/jats:italic>\n -seroconversion and fold-increase (1.5, 2, 3, 4) of\n N<\/jats:italic>\n -antibody concentration over time since infection and explored determinants. We included 67,632 sample pairs. Pairs with a seronegative first sample (70%) showed 89%\n N<\/jats:italic>\n -seroconversion after reported infection and 11% when no infection was reported. In pairs with a seropositive first sample (30%), 82%\u201365% showed a 1.5- to 4-fold increase with a reported reinfection, and 19%\u201310% without a reported reinfection, respectively. After one year, 83% remained\n N<\/jats:italic>\n -seropositive post-first infection and 93%\u201361% showed a 1.5-fold to 4-fold increase post-reinfection. Odds for seroconversion\/fold increase were higher for symptomatic infections and Omicron infections. In the current era with limited antigen or PCR testing,\n N<\/jats:italic>\n -serology can be validly used to detect SARS-CoV-2 (re)infections at least up to a year after infection, supporting the monitoring of COVID-19 burden and vaccine effectiveness.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s095026882500010x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T22:31:17Z","timestamp":1738881077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Using SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein antibodies to detect (re)infection"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"153","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3035-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christel E.","family":"Hoeve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nienke","family":"Neppelenbroek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric R.A.","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3206-9777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne J.","family":"Huiberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stijn P.","family":"Andeweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerco","family":"den Hartog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"van Binnendijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hester","family":"de Melker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"van den Hof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Knol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S095026882500010X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T01:50:06Z","timestamp":1740707406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S095026882500010X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["S095026882500010X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s095026882500010x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the same Creative Commons licence is used to distribute the re-used or adapted article and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e38"}}