{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T23:31:52Z","timestamp":1793662312549,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Malaria remains a major health challenge in developing countries, with climate change intensifying its impact. Pakistan is among the most vulnerable nations. This study examines the relationship between temperature and malaria cases in two highly affected districts, Bannu and Lakki Marwat, to inform climate-adaptive interventions.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p>We analyzed monthly malaria cases (2014\u20132022) from the Integrated Vector Control\/Malaria Control Program in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, combined with gridded meteorological data from Copernicus ERA5-Land. Time-series analysis using distributed lag nonlinear models and quasi-Poisson regression was applied to assess the associations.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p>The findings suggest that as temperatures exceed 22.4\u00b0C, malaria transmission increases by 9 to 10% for every 1\u00b0C rise in both districts. In Bannu, up to 39.8% of reported malaria cases could be attributed to heat, while in Lakki Marwat, 54.1% of cases were attributable to heat. Under high emission scenarios, heat-related malaria cases could increase by 0.8 to 3.5% by the 2060s. Relationship between temperature and malaria transmission is complex and is influenced by environmental factors such as precipitation and humidity.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p>Given Pakistan\u2019s limited healthcare infrastructure, addressing climate-driven malaria risks is urgent. Recent severe floods and malaria surges highlight the need for climate adaptation measures and strengthened healthcare systems to enhance community resilience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268825000111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:39:42Z","timestamp":1738283982000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Impact of temperatures on malaria incidence in vulnerable regions of Pakistan: empirical evidence and future projections"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"153","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7180-4722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syeda Hira","family":"Fatima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders University"},{"name":"Flinders University"},{"name":"The University of Adelaide"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farrah","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peshawar University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javeria","family":"Rafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peshawar University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Adelaide"},{"name":"Monash University"},{"name":"Monash University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Space Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3238-3427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Adelaide"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268825000111_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101815"},{"key":"S0950268825000111_r33","unstructured":"[33] Reiter, P , Sprenger, D (1987). 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Journal of the Malaria Institute of India 1(1), 57\u201381."},{"key":"S0950268825000111_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-020-1182-x"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268825000111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T14:45:26Z","timestamp":1759848326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268825000111\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0950268825000111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268825000111","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e33"}}