{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T18:34:52Z","timestamp":1783362892404,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Our study aimed to describe the transmission dynamics and genotypic diversity of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> in people deprived of liberty (PDL) in four Colombian prisons. Our cohort study included 64 PDL with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed in four Colombian prisons. The 132 isolates were genotyped using 24-mycobacterial interspersed repeated units-variable number tandem repeats (MIRUs-VNTR). A cluster was defined when \u22652 isolates from different PDL had the same genotype. Tuberculosis acquired in prison was considered when \u22652 persons were within the same cluster and had an epidemiological link. We mapped the place of residence before incarceration and within prisons. We assessed overcrowding and ventilation conditions in the prison that had clusters. We found that the most frequent genotypes were LAM (56.8%) and Haarlem (36.4%), and 45.3% of the PDL diagnosed with tuberculosis were clustered. Most PDL diagnosed in prison came from neighborhoods in Medellin with a high TB incidence. <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection acquired in prison was detected in 19% of PDL, 9.4% had mixed infection, 3.1% reinfection, and 1.6% relapse. Clusters only appeared in one prison, in cell blocks with overcrowding &gt;100%, and inadequate ventilation conditions. Prisons require the implementation of effective respiratory infection control measures to prevent <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268825000184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T01:49:00Z","timestamp":1740361740000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Transmission of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> in four prisons in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"153","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6342-1812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zulma Vanessa","family":"Rueda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba"},{"name":"Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Herrera-Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucelly","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Realpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Maria","family":"Almeida-Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia"},{"name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Arroyave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Equity in Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nestor","family":"Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bluemethane"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria Isabel","family":"Ni\u00f1o-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de los Andes"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uriel","family":"Hurtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nataly","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Keynan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba"},{"name":"University of Manitoba"},{"name":"University of Manitoba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Patricia","family":"Arbelaez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Antioquia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268825000184_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209895"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r4","first-page":"551","article-title":"Vitamin D status of inmates: The experience of penitentiaries prisons in the province of Salerno in southern Italy","volume":"173","author":"De Leo","year":"2022","journal-title":"La Clinica Terapeutica"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-00670-x"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.21.0033"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r37","unstructured":"[37] \u201cA crisis within a crisis\u201d \u2013 Prison, Violence, and Social Protest in Times of the Pandemic in Colombia [Internet]. Penal Reform International. https:\/\/www.penalreform.org\/blog\/a-crisis-within-a-crisis-prison-violence-and\/ (accessed 17 August 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01393-06"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r15","unstructured":"[15] Molina-Giraldo, A (2012) Distribuci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica de la Incidencia de tuberculosis y algunos factores relacionados, Medell\u00edn 2008\u20132010 [Maestr\u00eda]. [Facultad Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica, Medell\u00edn]. Universidad de Antioquia."},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124308"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r20","unstructured":"[20] Home|code_saturne [Internet]. https:\/\/www.code-saturne.org\/cms\/web\/ (accessed 8 September 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r7","first-page":"202","article-title":"Prevalencia de tuberculosis pulmonar en poblaci\u00f3n privada de la Libertad de 10 centros penitenciarios en Colombia","author":"Alarc\u00f3n-Robayo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta M\u00e9dica Peruana"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r21","unstructured":"[21] Ministerio de Salud y Protecci\u00f3n Social (2021) Informe de Evento Tuberculosis A\u00f1o 2021, p. 12."},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2023.100668"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17533\/udea.rfnsp.4771"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r22","unstructured":"[22] Secreatr\u00eda de Salud de Medellin (2019) Bolet\u00edn Epidmeiol\u00f3gico 2 de [Internet]. Secreatr\u00eda de Salud de Medellin. chrome-extension:\/\/efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj\/ https:\/\/www.medellin.gov.co\/irj\/go\/km\/docs\/pccdesign\/medellin\/Temas\/Salud_0\/Publicaciones\/Shared%20Content\/BoletinEpidemiologico\/2019\/Bolet%C3%ADn%2002%20TB.pdf."},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2012.01.004"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01358-x"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-023-04546-4"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00025-6"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11144\/Javeriana.rgps19.sspp"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.07.006"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-35813-9"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2903.221023"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001319"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r3","unstructured":"[3] The World\u2019s 10 Most Overcrowded Prison Systems [Internet] 2018 WorldAtlas. https:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/articles\/the-world-s-10-most-overcrowded-prison-systems.html (accessed 27 January 2003)."},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069952"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093848"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.01.004"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32578-2"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEP.2011.038443"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0700"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r17","unstructured":"[17] ANSI\/ASHRAE 111 \u2013 Practices for Measurement Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing of Building Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration Systems [Internet]. https:\/\/webstore.ansi.org\/standards\/ashrae\/ansiashrae1111988 (accessed 7 September 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1111-x"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-013-0164-x"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080592"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r1","unstructured":"[1] Global Tuberculosis Report (2023) [Internet]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2023 (accessed 29 February 2024)."},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r16","unstructured":"[16] ArcMap Resources for ArcGIS Desktop|Documentation Tutorials & More [Internet]. https:\/\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/arcgis\/products\/arcgis-desktop\/resources (accessed 8 September 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0166"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2103.140896"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r13","unstructured":"[13] Philip Supply (2005) Multilocus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Technical Guide. [Internet]. https:\/\/www.miru-vntrplus.org\/MIRU\/index.faces (accessed 24 May 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2022.100186"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r14","unstructured":"[14] GEO medellin [Internet]. https:\/\/www.medellin.gov.co\/geomedellin\/ (accessed 24 May 2023)."},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2022.05.015"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2022.306864"},{"key":"S0950268825000184_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003201"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268825000184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T14:45:58Z","timestamp":1759848358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268825000184\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0950268825000184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268825000184","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e43"}}