{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:17:46Z","timestamp":1793384266387,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20CA2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20CA2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21HB1002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21HB1002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21HA2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21HA2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23HA2005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23HA2005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23fk0108612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23fk0108612"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23fk0108685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23fk0108685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014423","name":"Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Acute infection with <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> in pregnant people can lead to vertical transmission to the foetus and congenital toxoplasmosis. As part of risk assessment, the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis among pregnant people must be quantitatively elucidated. Herein, we investigated the risk of primary <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection during pregnancy in Japan, estimating the incidence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection among pregnant people as well as that of congenital toxoplasmosis. We used a compartment model that captured the infection dynamics in pregnant people, analysing prescription data for spiramycin in Japan, together with local serological testing results and the screening rate of primary <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection during pregnancy. The nationwide risk of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection pregnant people in Japan was estimated to be 0.016% per month. Among prefectures investigated, the risk estimate was highest in Tokyo with 0.030% per month. Nationally, the number of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infections among pregnant people in the years 2019, 2020, and 2021 was estimated to be 1507, 1440, and 1388 infections, respectively. The nationwide number of cases of congenital toxoplasmosis in each year was estimated at 613, 588, and 567 cases, respectively. Our study indicated that <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection continues to place a substantial burden on public health in Japan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268825100150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T07:46:47Z","timestamp":1751615207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> infection risk among pregnant people and congenital toxoplasmosis incidence in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"153","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6665-032X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ko","family":"Nakajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0941-8537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nishiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268825100150_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-13-45"},{"key":"S0950268825100150_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5758","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis: What is the evidence for chemoprophylaxis to prevent fetal infection?","volume":"40","author":"Mandelbrot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prenatal Diagnosis"},{"key":"S0950268825100150_r10","first-page":"159","article-title":"Prevalence of antibody to Toxoplasma gondii in Hyogo prefecture, Japan: Comparison at a 10-year interval","volume":"43","author":"Win","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Kobe Journal of the Medical Sciences"},{"key":"S0950268825100150_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2020.114987","article-title":"How to estimate time of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women. 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the same Creative Commons licence is used to distribute the re-used or adapted article and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e74"}}