{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T14:42:47Z","timestamp":1774017767369,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":237,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>This study aims to estimate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and describe its genotype distribution in MSM in Hong Kong. In this longitudinal study on Chinese MSM, multi-anatomic site self-sampling and testing for HPV, <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic> (CT) and <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> (NG) were performed following survey completion at baseline and one-year follow-up. Overall, 41% (288\/701) of MSM completed self-sampled HPV testing. HPV positivity was 29% (78\/270) and 33% (42\/127) at any anatomic site at baseline and follow-up timepoints, respectively. By anatomic site, HPV positivity was 26%-30%, 2%-4% and 0%-1% from rectal, penile, and pharyngeal specimens, respectively. The incidence of HPV infection was 21.2\/100 and 18.9\/100 person-years at any anatomic site and rectal site, respectively. Among 109 successfully genotyped samples, the most prevalent were HPV 6 (17%) and HPV 11 (16%), of which 60% of the genotyped samples were vaccine-preventable. Group sex engagement and less frequent condom use were positively associated with HPV infection (P&lt;0.05). The HPV prevalence and incidence in MSM in this study is lower than in Western countries, and low-risk HPV genotypes are more prevalent. The high proportion of vaccine-preventable HPV subtypes underscores the importance of HPV vaccination in preventing infections in MSM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268825100472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T10:58:03Z","timestamp":1756205883000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection in multi-anatomic sites in men who have sex with men"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"153","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8017-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"},{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"},{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise Pui-Chung","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"},{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3788-8114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ngai Sze","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"},{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"},{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sze Long","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"},{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi Keung","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsz Ho","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"},{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"},{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1448-765X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shui Shan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"},{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268825100472_r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70686"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8060622"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013201"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001926"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70994-6"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.08.011"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.891991"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052032"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8020175"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020321"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.08.007"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r49","first-page":"152","article-title":"Human papillomavirus: Screening, testing, and prevention","volume":"104","author":"Quinlan","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053412"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02107-7"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human papillomavirus vaccination: Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP)","volume":"63","author":"Markowitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Recommendations and Reports"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318222899d"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.8.1800055"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.9316"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11030314"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.1.1-17.2003"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S269050"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1706-9"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30716"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2012.02.014"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix607"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197845"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1453024"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit441"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-021-04229-y"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30687-3"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1112474"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001051"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.2016007"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy556"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r23","first-page":"104","article-title":"Self-sampled specimens demonstrate comparable accuracy and consistency to clinician-sampled specimens for HPV detection among men who have sex with men in China","volume":"99","author":"Ni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OLQ.0000430798.61475.08"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i33.7415"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1190007"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053629"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r8","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62342-2"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/521192"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3406-0"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00305-4"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw140"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2219"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053619"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051955"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2009.19"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r43","first-page":"950","article-title":"Human papillomavirus DNA in fomites on objects used for the management of patients with genital human papillomavirus infections","volume":"74","author":"Ferenczy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216784"},{"key":"S0950268825100472_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000672"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268825100472","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T16:14:48Z","timestamp":1759853688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268825100472\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0950268825100472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268825100472","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e103"}}