{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:22:35Z","timestamp":1785432155831,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":268,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Attaining the target of &lt;0.1% HBsAg positives in children aged &lt;5\u00a0years in vaccinated populations by 2030 is a WHO indicator of hepatitis B elimination. We aimed to calculate the prevalence of HBsAg- and anti-HBc-positive children and adolescents in the low-prevalence country of Germany. In total, 3567 children and adolescents aged 3\u201317\u00a0years participated in a national population based cross-sectional study. Data were collected between 2014 and 2017 using questionnaires and health examinations, including blood samples. Applying a weighted analysis to account for survey design and participant characteristics, we calculated the HBsAg and anti-HBc prevalence and described them by anti-HBs positivity. In total, 3007 participants had all three sero-markers measured. None were found HBsAg and anti-HBc positive. Seven (0.3%, 95% CI: 0.1\u20130.8) were anti-HBc positive and HBsAg negative; six were also anti-HBs positive. All anti-HBc-positive participants were aged \u22657\u00a0years and three had no migration background. Four anti-HBc-positive participants had known vaccination status; three had been vaccinated according to national recommendations. This very low hepatitis B virus sero-prevalence among children and adolescents indicates that Germany is reaching some hepatitis B virus elimination targets. We recommend maintaining preventive measures, in particular a high vaccination coverage, in order to reach hepatitis B elimination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268825100563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T05:37:38Z","timestamp":1758865058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evidence of very low hepatitis B virus prevalence in children and adolescents in Germany: National cross-sectional study, 2014\u20132017"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"153","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6226-5416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofie","family":"Gillesberg Lassen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01k5qnb77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Robert Koch Institute"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001w7jn25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Poethko-M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01k5qnb77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Robert Koch Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Schlaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01k5qnb77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Robert Koch Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"Slanina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/033eqas34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Justus Liebig University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian G.","family":"Sch\u00fcttler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/033eqas34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Justus Liebig University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01k5qnb77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Robert Koch Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviane","family":"Bremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01k5qnb77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Robert Koch Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Harder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01k5qnb77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Robert Koch Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Dudareva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01k5qnb77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Robert Koch Institute"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03nadks56","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Riga Stradins University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268825100563","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T09:43:16Z","timestamp":1760348596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268825100563\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["S0950268825100563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268825100563","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e120"}}