{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:36:23Z","timestamp":1785429383194,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Our study assessed the link between gastrointestinal (GI) infections in England and the Eat Out to Help Out scheme (EOHO), a government subsidy created to encourage people to eat out during COVID-19 pandemic (03\u201330 August 2020). We studied national laboratory data between January 2015 and December 2020. We used time series change point analysis to see if there were shifts in reported cases of specific GI infections (\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    O157, and non-typhoidal\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.) associated with the timing of the scheme. Our analysis uniquely applied the Pruned Exact Linear Time method, with generalized linear models to a national dataset of GI infections. This revealed increases in cases closely aligned to the timing of the easing of COVID-19 restrictions, prior to the introduction of the EOHO scheme. Our study showed the scheme had no measurable impact, as there was no significant change on reported cases. Substantial reductions in cases after the first lockdown, followed by an increase as restrictions were phased out, show the wider impact of COVID-19 control measures, for example, public information campaigns aimed at improving hand-hygiene. These findings highlight the complicated interactions between COVID-19 control measures, the public\u2019s behaviour, and the spread of GI infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268825100848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T06:38:21Z","timestamp":1766731101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Eat-Out-to-Help-Out incentive: A trigger for gastrointestinal infections in England, 2020?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Reece","family":"Jarratt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018h10037","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"United Kingdom Health Security Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Clough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04xs57h96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Liverpool"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gatrointestinal Infections"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewan","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01drpwb22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chester"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Vivancos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018h10037","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"United Kingdom Health Security Agency"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gatrointestinal Infections"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05vvt7a66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01a77tt86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Warwick"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Decraene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018h10037","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"United Kingdom Health Security Agency"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Gatrointestinal Infections"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268825100848_r14","volume-title":"A Timeline of National Policy and Health System Responses to COVID-19 in England in 2020","author":"Dunn","year":"2021"},{"key":"S0950268825100848_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ej\/ueab074"},{"key":"S0950268825100848_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268822000206"},{"key":"S0950268825100848_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001947"},{"key":"S0950268825100848_r4","unstructured":"[4] Nicholas, D , et al. 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