{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:09:55Z","timestamp":1785431395081,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The activity of respiratory viruses (RVs) displays large variability in tropical regions, posing challenges for public health response strategies. Data from most RVs in south-eastern Mexico remain limited, particularly in the Yucatan Peninsula, the largest tourism hub in the country. This retrospective study analyses the regional epidemiology of RVs in Merida, the largest city in the region, using laboratory test data from a local hospital (January 2018\u2013April 2024). Test results of 143292 RVs were collected, including 121976 for SARS-CoV-2, 19355 for influenza A and B viruses, and 1961 for 17 distinct RVs. We found that non-SARS-CoV-2 RVs circulated year-round, with higher activity in autumn and spring, while SARS-CoV-2 peaked in summer and winter. Influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza B virus reached their highest activity in autumn, earlier than in other regions of Mexico. Human metapneumovirus peaked during autumn-winter. Rhinovirus\/enterovirus and parainfluenza showed year-round activity, with peaks in autumn and spring. Other coronaviruses were more frequent during winter-spring. In post-pandemic years (2022\u20132023), adenovirus outbreaks emerged, as well as an increased prevalence of non-SARS-CoV-2 RV co-infections. This study highlights the need for region-specific public health strategies, including optimized vaccination schedules, such as for influenza A virus, and enhanced diagnostic surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268825100939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T09:33:10Z","timestamp":1767346390000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Respiratory virus dynamics in a tropical region: Insights from Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9xico (2018\u20132024)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0359-8382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Rico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de M\u00e9rida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Fernando","family":"Novelo-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de M\u00e9rida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Isabel","family":"Puch-Maga\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de M\u00e9rida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel Andrea","family":"Manrique-Puch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de M\u00e9rida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda de Lourdes","family":"Puerto-Compean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de M\u00e9rida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tmp8f25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M\u00e9xico Instituto de Biotecnologia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ericka Nelly","family":"Pompa-Mera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Infectolog\u00eda Dr Daniel Mendez Hernandez"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02vz80y09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional s.XXI. IMSS"},{"name":"Hospital de Infectologia Dr Daniel Mendez Hernandez"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireya","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Armend\u00e1riz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Infectologia Dr Daniel Mendez Hernandez"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7430-5657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Elena","family":"Sarmiento-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tmp8f25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Lugo-Tavera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de M\u00e9rida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268825100939_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030580"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12414"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r33","first-page":"e0142623","article-title":"Seasonality of endemic COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Townsend","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Society for Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2023.0484"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13040316"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001262"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020330"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae238"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47118-6"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae192"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004269"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47035-6"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01588-4"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r23","first-page":"90","article-title":"Informed consent: Its importance for retrolective research and medical science progress","volume":"157","author":"Valdez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gaceta medica de Mexico"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r1","first-page":"974","article-title":"Lower respiratory infections and antimicrobial resistance collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990-2021: A systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"24","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.182"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r49","unstructured":"[49] Comisi\u00f3n Federal para la Protecci\u00f3n contra Riesgos Sanitarios. Pruebas autorizadas para COVID-19. gob.mx. Available at https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/cofepris\/acciones-y-programas\/pruebas-autorizadas-para-covid-19 (accessed 15 October 2024)."},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59717\/j.xinn-med.2024.100070"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-024-00213-9"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2021.100015"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21060654"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12969"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r45","first-page":"100","article-title":"Prevenci\u00f3n de la infecci\u00f3n grave por virus sincicial respiratorio en la poblaci\u00f3n pedi\u00e1trica en M\u00e9xico: Postura de un grupo de expertos","volume":"77","author":"Moreno-Espinosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Boletin medico del Hospital Infantil de Mexico"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02034-7"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r24","first-page":"195","article-title":"The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on community respiratory virus activity","volume":"21","author":"Chow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Microbiology"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-015-0133-7"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000003827"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02085-w"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2025.103183"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r41","unstructured":"[41] Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Similarities and differences between COVID-19 and Influenza. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/questions-and-answers\/item\/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-similarities-and-differences-with-influenza (accessed 21 September 2024.)"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2019.08.009"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12346"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1308105"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r14","unstructured":"[14] Observatorio turistico de Yucatan database (2025) Available at https:\/\/observaturyucatan.org.mx\/public\/publicaciones\/2024\/Annual (accessed 9 January 2025)."},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/evolut\/qpae041"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r39","unstructured":"[39] Vaccine in tropics and subtropics (2025) Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-influenza-programme\/vaccines\/vaccine-in-tropics-and-subtropics (accessed 10 January 2025)."},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13040696"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174592"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r15","first-page":"39","article-title":"Epidemiologic study of human influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in Yucatan, Southern Mexico","volume":"23","author":"Ayora-Talavera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revista Biom\u00e9dica"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13562-y"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r12","first-page":"32","article-title":"Respiratory viruses detected in Mexican children younger than 5 years old with community-acquired pneumonia: A national multicenter study","volume":"62","author":"Wong-Chew","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases: IJID: Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.07.020"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r36","first-page":"299","article-title":"WHO declares end to COVID-19\u2019s emergency phase","volume":"617","author":"Lenharo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r6","unstructured":"[6] Secretar\u00eda de Salud (2015) Lineamiento Estandarizado para la Vigilancia Epidemiol\u00f3gica y por Laboratorio de la enfermedad respiratoria viral. gob.mx. Available at https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/salud\/documentos\/lineamiento-estandarizado-para-la-vigilancia-epidemiologica-y-por-laboratorio-de-la-enfermedad-respiratoria-viral (accessed 9 January 2025)."},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001120"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41841-8"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.07.004"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r29","first-page":"263","article-title":"Respiratory infections and coinfections: Geographical and population patterns","volume":"156","author":"Perezbusta-Lara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gaceta medica de Mexico"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r5","first-page":"n485","article-title":"Preventing the next pandemic: The power of a global viral surveillance network","volume":"372","author":"Carroll","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2021.05.004"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21157-9"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r60","unstructured":"[60] Create Maps of Mexico (2025). Available at https:\/\/www.diegovalle.net\/mxmaps\/ (accessed 14 January 2025)."},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176298"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r31","unstructured":"[31] Mexico Tourism Data and Statistics (2024) Available at https:\/\/embamex.sre.gob.mx\/filipinas\/index.php\/visita-mexico\/mexico-tourism-data-and-statistics (accessed 5 October 2024)."},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r37","first-page":"423","article-title":"Clinical-epidemiological profile of deaths from influenza with a history of timely vaccination, Mexico 2010-2018","volume":"155","author":"Kuri-Morales","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gaceta medica de Mexico"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104745"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r11","first-page":"528","article-title":"Frequency of respiratory viruses and clinical characteristics in children attending a care center in Mexico City","volume":"52","author":"Wong-Chew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Salud publica de Mexico"},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r27","unstructured":"[27] Gobierno del Estado de Yucat\u00e1n. Gobierno del Estado de Yucat\u00e1n. Available at https:\/\/www.yucatan.gob.mx\/ (accessed 2 October 2024)."},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r2","unstructured":"[2] Global excess deaths associated with COVID-19 (2020\u20132021) Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/stories\/global-excess-deaths-associated-with-covid-19-january-2020-december-2021 (accessed 9 January 2025)."},{"key":"S0950268825100939_r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2024-0552OC"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268825100939","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T07:12:35Z","timestamp":1784272355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268825100939\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["S0950268825100939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268825100939","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e7"}}