{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T01:19:10Z","timestamp":1788311950915,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Powassan virus (POWV), a tick-borne flavivirus, is an emerging public health threat in the United States. In New York State (NYS), incidence of human POWV infection has increased in recent years. We describe the epidemiology of confirmed and probable POWV infection cases reported in NYS from 2013 to 2023. A total of 44 human cases were reported over the study period, with the highest incidence rates in Columbia and Putnam counties. Most cases occurred in White, non-Hispanic males over age 50. Hospitalization was reported in 91% of cases, and 11% were fatal. Human case data and tick surveillance results were analysed to assess spatiotemporal patterns of disease emergence. Spatial analysis revealed clustering of human cases in the Capital and Metropolitan regions of NYS. The prevalence of POWV in adult tick populations increased significantly statewide, and entomological risk was positively but modestly correlated to disease incidence at the ZIP code level. These findings suggest that POWV infection is emerging in geographically concentrated areas of NYS, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance and targeted prevention efforts in high-risk regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268826101113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T11:18:17Z","timestamp":1770031097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Epidemiology and risk analysis of Powassan virus infection, New York state, USA, 2013\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3815-493X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelina R.","family":"Varon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health"},{"name":"Northeastern University \u2013 Boston Campus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Prusinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collin","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health"},{"name":"State University of New York at Buffalo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph G.","family":"Maffei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wadsworth Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Tomaszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wadsworth Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Stout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wadsworth Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne F.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wadsworth Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Alan P.","family":"Dupuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wadsworth Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Ciota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wadsworth Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wadsworth Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7989-0418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wadsworth Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wadsworth Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wadsworth Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268826101113_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21349-2"},{"key":"S0950268826101113_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2022.03.003"},{"key":"S0950268826101113_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/saaa013"},{"key":"S0950268826101113_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008879"},{"key":"S0950268826101113_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1183"},{"key":"S0950268826101113_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.02.123"},{"key":"S0950268826101113_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2218012120"},{"key":"S0950268826101113_r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v16030456"},{"key":"S0950268826101113_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.3.0700268"},{"key":"S0950268826101113_r15","unstructured":"[15] New York State Public Health Law \u00a7 2102. 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(2021) Arboviral diseases, neuroinvasive and non-neuroinvasive 2015 case definition. https:\/\/ndc.services.cdc.gov\/case-definitions\/arboviral-diseases-neuroinvasive-and-non-neuroinvasive-2015\/ (accessed 14 November 2024)."},{"key":"S0950268826101113_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02828-1"},{"key":"S0950268826101113_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2802.210213"},{"key":"S0950268826101113_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6622a1"},{"key":"S0950268826101113_r31","first-page":"1314","article-title":"Pet-related infections","volume":"76","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Academy of Family Physicians."}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0950268826101113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T07:16:44Z","timestamp":1784272604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0950268826101113\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0950268826101113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268826101113","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-2688","1469-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-2688","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. 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