{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:57:34Z","timestamp":1792015054683,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol. Infect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study examines spatiotemporal patterns of tetracycline- and trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole (TMP\u2013SMX)\u2013resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) among United States (US) Veterans Health Administration (VHA) outpatients. Prevalence of tetracycline and TMP\u2013SMX resistance in methicillin-susceptible\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA) was calculated for 2010\u20132023. MRSA cases from 2018 to 2022 were aggregated to commuting zones (CZs) in the eastern US, and CZ-specific relative risks and temporal trends were estimated using a hierarchical Bayesian Poisson model with a spatiotemporal interaction term. Results indicated that resistance in MRSA increased by 16.4% for tetracycline and 9.3% for TMP\u2013SMX, while MSSA resistance remained stable. High-risk CZs were limited (3% for tetracycline, 4% for TMP\u2013SMX) and distributed across the eastern US, with notable within-state variation in risk and trend. Most CZs exhibited stationary trends, although distinct patterns in the rate and timing of changes in resistance were observed in CZ-specific plots. These evolving and geographically variable patterns of antimicrobial resistance at finer spatial scales highlight the need for local surveillance and outpatient antibiotic stewardship strategies that consider place-based sociodemographic, ecologic, and clinical factors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268826101216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T08:44:36Z","timestamp":1771836276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spatiotemporal trends in tetracycline- and trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole-resistant\n                    <i>S. aureus<\/i>\n                    among veteran outpatients in the eastern United States"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3892-6013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miah","family":"Boyle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036jqmy94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianyi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036jqmy94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Iowa"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05eq41471","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036jqmy94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Iowa"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05eq41471","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Carrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036jqmy94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Oleson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036jqmy94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6612-5613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michihiko","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036jqmy94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Iowa"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05eq41471","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0950268826101216_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw808"},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwae391"},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00107"},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S428837"},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa575"},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6809e2"},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03829-5"},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007474"},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2411.180762"},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Geographic surveillance of community associated MRSA infections in children using electronic health record data","volume":"19","author":"Immergluck","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases."},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.9"},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws273"},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.08.010"},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.15.1763"},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis509"},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-3026"},{"key":"S0950268826101216_r17","unstructured":"[17] US Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration (2008) VHA Handbook 1106.01, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service Procedures. 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